2. Cells Flashcards
Macromolecules are
small molecules joined together
4 types of macromolecules
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids
Carbs function
provide cell with energy
Carbs - where is energy stored
atp
ATP is
Adenosine triphosphate
Carbs - how does energy get released from ATP
phosphate group breaks off and releases into the body leaving behind ADP
Fats - two types
triglycerides and phospholipid
triglyceride structure
3 fatty acids attached to glycerol molecule - each fatty acid consists of long hydrocarbon chain
triglyceride water relationship
insoluble
phospholipid structure
similar to triglycerides but one fatty acid tail replaced with phosphate
phospholipid water relationship
phosphate end of tail = hydrophilic
fatty acid end of tail = hydrophobic
fat function
breaks down into energy
long term energy storage
insulation
proteins are…
long chains of amino acid chains
amino acids are…
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
amino acids join to make _____
polypeptides
Polypeptides join to make ____
proteins
6 functions of proteins
structure
enzymes
transport
defense
hormones
motion
2 types of nucleic acid
DNA and RNA
DNA structure
double helix
DNA full name
deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA structure
single strand
RNA full name
ribonucleic acid
Nucleic acid function
DNA - stores genetic information
RNA - builds proteins
diffusion is
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration
osmosis
movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of dilute to concentrate
if substance too large water is drawn in to dilute it
cell membrane
controls what enters and leaves the cell
cytoplasm
jelly where chemical reactions occur
mitochondria
energy generated as ATP
nucleus
DNA storage
ribosomes
join amino acids to make proteins
endoplasmic reticulum
membranes that form compartments in cells where proteins are made
golgi body
finishing touches added to proteins
lysosomes
break down worn out cellular components
what is a chromosome
long length of DNA wound around beads of protein
what is mitosis
cell division where single cell divides to make 2 new identical daughter cells
somatic (body)
what is meiosis
cell division to produce daughter cells with only half number of chromosomes
gametes
mitosis phases
interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
interphase is
where each chromosome makes a copy of itself
prophase is
preparing for division - nucleus breaks down and the original and copy seen as an X shape
metaphase is
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
anaphase is
original and chromosome pulled apart
telophase is
tail end - chromosomes unravel then cytoplasm divides
a gene is
a molecular unit of hereditary of a living organism
a stretch of DNA that codes for a protein
