2. Cells

Question 1

Macromolecules are

Answer 1

small molecules joined together

Question 2

4 types of macromolecules

Answer 2

carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids

Question 3

Carbs function

Answer 3

provide cell with energy

Question 4

Carbs - where is energy stored

Answer 4

atp

Question 5

ATP is

Answer 5

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 6

Carbs - how does energy get released from ATP

Answer 6

phosphate group breaks off and releases into the body leaving behind ADP

Question 7

Fats - two types

Answer 7

triglycerides and phospholipid

Question 8

triglyceride structure

Answer 8

3 fatty acids attached to glycerol molecule - each fatty acid consists of long hydrocarbon chain

Question 9

triglyceride water relationship

Answer 9

insoluble

Question 10

phospholipid structure

Answer 10

similar to triglycerides but one fatty acid tail replaced with phosphate

Question 11

phospholipid water relationship

Answer 11

phosphate end of tail = hydrophilic
fatty acid end of tail = hydrophobic

Question 12

fat function

Answer 12

breaks down into energy
long term energy storage
insulation

Question 13

proteins are…

Answer 13

long chains of amino acid chains

Question 14

amino acids are…

Answer 14

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 15

amino acids join to make _____

Answer 15

polypeptides

Question 16

Polypeptides join to make ____

Answer 16

proteins

Question 17

6 functions of proteins

Answer 17

structure
enzymes
transport
defense
hormones
motion

Question 18

2 types of nucleic acid

Answer 18

DNA and RNA

Question 19

DNA structure

Answer 19

double helix

Question 20

DNA full name

Answer 20

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 21

RNA structure

Answer 21

single strand

Question 22

RNA full name

Answer 22

ribonucleic acid

Question 23

Nucleic acid function

Answer 23

DNA - stores genetic information
RNA - builds proteins

Question 24

diffusion is

Answer 24

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 25

osmosis

Answer 25

movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of dilute to concentrate

if substance too large water is drawn in to dilute it

Question 26

cell membrane

Answer 26

controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 27

cytoplasm

Answer 27

jelly where chemical reactions occur

Question 28

mitochondria

Answer 28

energy generated as ATP

Question 29

nucleus

Answer 29

DNA storage

Question 30

ribosomes

Answer 30

join amino acids to make proteins

Question 31

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 31

membranes that form compartments in cells where proteins are made

Question 32

golgi body

Answer 32

finishing touches added to proteins

Question 33

lysosomes

Answer 33

break down worn out cellular components

Question 34

what is a chromosome

Answer 34

long length of DNA wound around beads of protein

Question 35

what is mitosis

Answer 35

cell division where single cell divides to make 2 new identical daughter cells

somatic (body)

Question 36

what is meiosis

Answer 36

cell division to produce daughter cells with only half number of chromosomes

gametes

Question 37

mitosis phases

Answer 37

interphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 38

interphase is

Answer 38

where each chromosome makes a copy of itself

Question 39

prophase is

Answer 39

preparing for division - nucleus breaks down and the original and copy seen as an X shape

Question 40

metaphase is

Answer 40

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 41

anaphase is

Answer 41

original and chromosome pulled apart

Question 42

telophase is

Answer 42

tail end - chromosomes unravel then cytoplasm divides

Question 43

a gene is

Answer 43

a molecular unit of hereditary of a living organism

a stretch of DNA that codes for a protein