4d - Skeletal System; Joints

Question 1

a joint is

Answer 1

where two or more bones meet

Question 2

ligament is

Answer 2

connecting bone to bone

Question 3

tendon is

Answer 3

connecting muscle to bone

Question 4

joints tissue types (3)

Answer 4

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 5

amount of movement (3)

Answer 5

synarthrosis - little or no movement
amphiarthrosis - slight movement
diarthrosis - freely mobile

Question 6

arthrosis means

Answer 6

joint

Question 7

fibrous joint united by

Answer 7

irregular dense connective tissue

Question 8

fibrous joint movement

Answer 8

immovable (synarthrosis)

Question 9

fibrous joint example

Answer 9

skull - sutures

Question 10

cartilaginous joints also known as

Answer 10

fibrocartilage

Question 11

cartilaginous joints movement (2 types with examples)

Answer 11

little movement - pelvic symphysis and mandibular symphysis

some movement - between vertebrae bodies and between sternebrae

Question 12

synovial joints movement

Answer 12

wide range of mobility

Question 13

synovial joints bones seperated by what

Answer 13

joint cavity

Question 14

what is the joint cavity

Answer 14

a space filled with synovial fluid (where bones are separated in synovial joint)

Question 15

what is synovial fluid secreted by

Answer 15

synovial membrane

Question 16

synovial fluid purpose (2)

Answer 16

lubricate joint
provide nutrition to hyaline cartilage

Question 17

what does hyaline cartilage cover

Answer 17

bone surface

Question 18

synovial fluid structure

Answer 18

straw coloured viscous fluid - looks like egg white

Question 19

what three types of ligament found in synovial joints

Answer 19

collateral
intrascapular
cruciate

Question 20

collateral ligaments purpose and location

Answer 20

stabilisers on either side of joint

Question 21

instrascapular ligaments purpose and location

Answer 21

stabilisers inside the joint

Question 22

menisci are

Answer 22

structures in synovial joint that cushion and spread load evenly - shock absorbers

Question 23

menisci found

Answer 23

in stifle joint

Question 24

types of synovial joints (5)

Answer 24

ball and socket
pivot
hinge
condylar
gliding

Question 25

ball and socket joint function and examples

Answer 25

great range of movement
e.g. hip and shoulder

Question 26

pivot joint function and examples

Answer 26

allows rotation
e.g. atlanto - axial joint (cervical vertebrae)

Question 27

hinge joint function and examples

Answer 27

movement in one plane
e.g. elbow and tarsus

Question 28

condylar joint function and examples

Answer 28

movement mainly in one plane and may be little side to side
e.g. stifle

Question 29

sliding joint function and examples

Answer 29

surfaces slide over each other
e.g. joints between rows of carpal and tarsal bones

Question 30

which bones make up the shoulder joint

Answer 30

scapula and humerus

Question 31

which bones make up the elbow joint

Answer 31

humerus, radius and ulna

Question 32

which bones make up the carpal joint

Answer 32

radius, ulna, carpals and metacarpals

Question 33

which bones make up the hip joint

Answer 33

pelvis and femur

Question 34

which bones make up the stifle joint

Answer 34

femur, tibia and patella

Question 35

which bones make up the tarsus joint

Answer 35

tibia, fibula, tarsus and metatarsus

Question 36

ligaments are

Answer 36

connecting bone to bone

Question 37

ligaments stabilise

Answer 37

joints

Question 38

2 main ligament types

Answer 38

extra-capular ligament and intra-capular ligament

Question 39

extra-capular ligament function

Answer 39

provide joint stability

Question 40

extra-capular ligament examples

Answer 40

collateral and patellar ligaments

Question 41

intra-capular ligament function

Answer 41

provide stability and permit movement

Question 42

intra-capular ligament example

Answer 42

cruciate ligaments

Question 43

2 joint movements

Answer 43

flexion and extension

Question 44

flexion is

Answer 44

bending (reducing angle between bones)

Question 45

extension is

Answer 45

straightening (increasing angle between bones)

Question 46

4 limb movements

Answer 46

abduction
adduction
protraction
retraction

Question 47

abduction is

Answer 47

out sideways

Question 48

adduction is

Answer 48

towards body

Question 49

protraction is

Answer 49

limb forwards

Question 50

retraction is

Answer 50

limb backwards