5a - Muscular System; Muscle Physiology

Question 1

myo means

Answer 1

muscle

Question 2

3 types of muscle

Answer 2

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 3

skeletal is also known as

Answer 3

striated

Question 4

skeletal is attached to

Answer 4

skeleton

Question 5

muscle cells name

Answer 5

myocytes

Question 6

skeletal myocyte shape

Answer 6

long cylinders aka muscle fibres

Question 7

skeletal myocyte nuclei

Answer 7

each myocyte has many nuclei at edge

Question 8

skeletal muscle fibres contents and function

Answer 8

within fibres are stripes with molecules that cause contraction when lined up - actin and myosin

Question 9

skeletal muscle control

Answer 9

voluntary control of nervous system

Question 10

cardiac muscle forms

Answer 10

myocardium (heart muscle)

Question 11

cardiac muscle structure

Answer 11

striated and branchy

Question 12

cardiac myocytes nuclei number

Answer 12

1-4

Question 13

cardiac myocytes are connected with each other via….

Answer 13

intercalated discs

Question 14

what do intercalated discs allow for

Answer 14

synchronised contraction of heart muscle

Question 15

cardiac muscle control

Answer 15

involuntary nervous system

Question 16

smooth muscle aka

Answer 16

visceral

Question 17

smooth muscle structure

Answer 17

long, spindles with one central nucleus

Question 18

smooth muscles location (5)

Answer 18

walls of blood vessels, gastro-intestinal tract, bladder, uterus and resp tract

Question 19

smooth muscle controlled by

Answer 19

involuntary nervous system

Question 20

skeletal muscle layers (5)

Answer 20

muscle sheath
muscle belly
fascia
bundles
muscle cells

Question 21

striated myocytes are called muscle ____

Answer 21

fibres

Question 22

muscle fibres lie _______ to each other in _______ bound by ________

Answer 22

parallel
bundles
fascia

Question 23

what are a group of bundles

Answer 23

muscle belly

Question 24

what surrounds the muscle belly

Answer 24

muscle sheath

Question 25

fascia is what type of tissue

Answer 25

connective, fibrous tissue

Question 26

fascia location

Answer 26

around and within muscle

Question 27

fascia function

Answer 27

provide support and reduces friction

Question 28

muscle fibre structure - each fibre contains...

Answer 28

myofibrils

Question 29

myofibrils are made up of

Answer 29

actin and myosin

Question 30

actin is thick or thin

Answer 30

thin filament

Question 31

myosin is thick or thin

Answer 31

thick filament

Question 32

what gives the striated appearance

Answer 32

regular arrangement of actin and myosin

Question 33

muscle contraction - sliding filament theory 3 steps

Answer 33

1. links form between actin and myosin 2. links change shape and pull actin past myosin 3. links break and reattach further along actin

Question 34

what 4 things are needed for muscle contraction

Answer 34

actin myosin ATP calcium

Question 35

why atp needed in contraction

Answer 35

energy

Question 36

why calcium needed in contraction

Answer 36

binding of actin and myosin

Question 37

motor unit is

Answer 37

a nerve cell and the muscle fibre it attaches to

Question 38

a nerve cell will stimulate many _____ depending on ______________ type

Answer 38

fibres movement

Question 39

delicate movement = how many fibres

Answer 39

one nerve to small number of fibres

Question 40

large movement = how many fibres

Answer 40

one nerve to as many as 200+ fibres

Question 41

what does exercise do to the number of myofibrils

Answer 41

increases number of myofibrils

Question 42

what does the increased number of myofibrils do to cells

Answer 42

bigger in size and not quantity

Question 43

muscle hypertrophy is

Answer 43

rare genetic abnormality whcih causes increased quanity of cells

Question 44

muscle atrophy is

Answer 44

loss of actin and myosin meaning cells shrink

Question 45

muscle atrophy reasons

Answer 45

lack of use or neurogenic (loss of nerve supply)

Question 46

muscle belly is

Answer 46

thick fleshy central part of muscle

Question 47

muscle origin is

Answer 47

attachment that moves the least as it acts as an anchor point

Question 48

muscle origin location

Answer 48

fleshy or tendinous

Question 49

muscle insertion is

Answer 49

attachment with most movement

Question 50

muscle insertion location

Answer 50

tendinous

Question 51

flat sheet of muscle 2 examples

Answer 51

diaphragm and abdominal wall

Question 52

sphincter is

Answer 52

muscles forming a ring to control entrance or exit

Question 53

sphincter 2 examples

Answer 53

stomach and anus

Question 54

tendon is

Answer 54

muscle to bone

Question 55

tendon is what type of tissue

Answer 55

band of fibrous connective tissue

Question 56

what is an aponeurosis

Answer 56

when tendon drawn out into a flat sheet because the muscle attached to is a flat sheet e.g. at diaphragm and abdomen wall

Question 57

a bursa is

Answer 57

small sac lined with synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid

Question 58

bursa location

Answer 58

between tendon and bone

Question 59

bursa function

Answer 59

minimises friction

Question 60

synovial sheath is

Answer 60

when a bursa fully wraps around a tendon

Question 61

acquired bursa forms to...

Answer 61

protect bony prominence from constant friction

Question 62

acquired bursa usual location

Answer 62

elbow or hock

Question 63

acquired bursa usual cause

Answer 63

arthritis and kennel dogs

Question 64

hygroma is

Answer 64

enlarged bursa that can become infected

Question 65

extrinsic muscles

Answer 65

run from one region to another

Question 66

intrinsic muscles

Answer 66

within one region of the body

Question 67

extrinsic muscles example

Answer 67

turn head on neck

Question 68

intrinsic muscles example

Answer 68

muscles closing eyelid