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Anatomy > 4a - Skeletal System; Bones > Flashcards

4a - Skeletal System; Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Bone is a ________ _________ tissue

A

mineralised connective

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2
Q

bone extracellular matrix is

A

osteoid

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3
Q

c_______ of c_______ p_______ in osteoid

A

crystals of calcium phosphate

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4
Q

calcium phosphate crystals function in EM

A

hardness and rigidity

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5
Q

osteoid function

A

durability - bones not brittle

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6
Q

3 bone cells

A

osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts

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7
Q

osteoblasts location on bone

A

surface

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8
Q

osteoblast secrete …

A

osteoid

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9
Q

osteoblasts become…

A

trapped by bone they produce

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10
Q

osteocytes come from…

A

trapped osteoblasts

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11
Q

osteocytes location

A

lacunae (small cavities)

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12
Q

osteocytes function

A

maintain bone matrix

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13
Q

osteoclasts function

A

remove unwanted bone

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14
Q

2 types of bone

A

compact and spongy

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15
Q

compact bone strength

A

very hard and strong

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16
Q

compact bone forms the…

A

outer shell (cortex) of all bone

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17
Q

compact bone structure

A

dense, close-packed columns of bone in layers (central circle surrounded by other rings)

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18
Q

compact bone - centre of column is

A

Haversian canal

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19
Q

compact bone - center of column is

A

Haversian canal

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20
Q

what does the Haversian canal contain

A

blood vessels
nerves

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21
Q

name of column of bone and central canal

A

osteon / haversian system

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22
Q

spongy bone alternative name

A

cancellous

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23
Q

spongy bone strength

A

weaker than compact

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24
Q

spongy bone location

A

middle (medulla) of bones
long bone in ends not shafts

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25
Q

spongy bone structure

A

mesh of bony rods (trabeculae) with spaces between filled with bone marrow

26
Q

ossification is

A

the formation of bone

27
Q

when does bone formation happen

A

in fetus
during growth
after fracture

28
Q

the formation of bone is called

A

ossification

29
Q

how does ossification happen

A

deposition of calcium salts in matrix of osteoid tissue

30
Q

in a dog fetus how many days until bone formation starts and what can it be seen on

A

45 days
x - ray

31
Q

2 types of bone development

A

endochondral (most common)
intramembranous

32
Q

endochondral ossification is… e.g….

A

cartilage model replaced by bone e.g. long bone

33
Q

intramembranous ossification is… e.g….

A

osteoblasts lay down bone between two layers of fibrous tissue (no cartilage template) e.g. skull bones / flat bones

34
Q

endochondral steps (1 -5)

A
  1. cartilage developed in foetus
  2. primary ossification starts in the shaft (diaphysis)
  3. secondary ossification starts in ends (epiphysis)
  4. two centres of ossification grow and expand to each other
  5. osteoclasts remove bone in the centre to create marrow cavity
35
Q

what are growth plates

A

spaces filled with cartilage between epiphyses and diaphyses until mature - spaces allow for bone development and growth

36
Q

X-rays bone and cartilage colour

A

bone = white
cartilage = black

37
Q

on young aniamls x-rays will have ______ as ______ doesn’t show up

A

gaps
cartilage

38
Q

intramembranous steps (1-2)

A
  1. two fibrous membranes with osteoblasts make osteoid
  2. calcifies to form bone
39
Q

mature bone formation steps (1-3)

A
  1. most osteoblasts become osteocytes
  2. some held in reserve by periosteum and endosteum
  3. reserve osteoblasts form osteogenic layers
40
Q

use of reserve osteoblasts

A

if fracture will allow for new bone to grow

41
Q

periosteum is

A

membrane around bone

42
Q

endosteum is

A

membrane in bone

43
Q

fracture repair basic steps week 1

A

week 1 - haematoma (swelling with blood)

44
Q

fracture repair basic steps week 2-3

A

week 2-3 - soft callus

45
Q

fracture repair basic steps week 4-16

A

week 4-16 - hard callus

46
Q

fracture repair basic steps week 17 and beyond

A

week 17+ - remodeling

47
Q

skeletal system functions (1-5)

A

support
protection
locomotion
storage
hematopoiesis (new blood cell production)

48
Q

bone shapes (5)

A

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid

49
Q

specialised bone shapes (2)

A

pneumatic
splanchnic

50
Q

long bones structure and location

A

length greater than width
found in limbs e.g. femur, humerus

51
Q

short bones structure and location

A

length = width
found in carpal and tarsal bones

52
Q

flat bones location

53
Q

irregular bones structure and location

A

non-uniform shapes
found in vertebrae

54
Q

sesamoid bones structure and location

A

sesame seed
develop in tendons
found in patella (kneecap)

55
Q

pneumatic bones structure and location

A

air filled cavities
found in frontal bones e.g. sinuses

56
Q

splanchnic bones location

A

unattached to skeleton
only example is the os penis (dogs do, some cats dont)

57
Q

skeleton components (3)

A

axial
appendicular
splanchnic

58
Q

axial skeleton components (4)

A

skull bones of head
vertebral column
ribs
sternum

59
Q

appendicular skeleton components (2)

A

pectoral and pelvic limbs
shoulder & pelvic girdle

60
Q

splanchnic skeleton components

A

bones in soft tissue - os penis

Anatomy (15 decks)

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