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Anatomy > 3. Tissues > Flashcards

3. Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues are

A

group of cells with similar structures and function

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2
Q

4 tissue types

A

epithelial, connective, muscle and nerve

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3
Q

what type of tissue is epithelium

A

covering (on surface)

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4
Q

function of epithelium

A

cover out body surface and line inner cavities and organs

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5
Q

epithelium act as a barrier against

A

fluid loss, injury, invading pathogens

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6
Q

2 names of the number of layers for epithelium

A

simple and stratified

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7
Q

simple epithelium

A

single layer of cells

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8
Q

simple epithelium uses

A

secretion, diffusion and absorption

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9
Q

stratified epithelium

A

multiple layer of cells

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10
Q

stratified epithelium uses

A

friction

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11
Q

3 cell shapes of epithelium

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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12
Q

squamous is

A

flattened

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13
Q

cuboidal

A

square

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14
Q

columnar

A

rectangular

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15
Q

2 specialised epithelium

A

transitional and glandular

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16
Q

transitional

A

changes shape

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17
Q

glandular

A

secretory

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18
Q

simple squamous ex.

A

alveoli in lungs

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19
Q

simple cuboidal ex.

A

thyroid gland lining

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20
Q

simple columnar ex.

A

gastro-intestinal lining

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21
Q

simple columnar ciliated ex.

A

oviduct

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22
Q

stratified squamous (keratinised) ex.

A

epidermis

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23
Q

transitional ex.

A

bladder

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24
Q

simple glandular ex.

A

mucous membranes e.g. vagina

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25
Q

stratified glandular ex.

A

specific gland

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26
Q

connective tissue functions

A

binds and supports other tissues // maintains body and organ shape

27
Q

connective tissue components

A

cells (embedded in matrix
ground substance and fibers

28
Q

what is the ground substance made of

A

extracellular matrix

29
Q

3 fibers in ground substance

A

collagen, elastic, reticular

30
Q

5 types of connective tissue

A

loose, dense, cartilage, bone and liquid

31
Q

loose connective strength

A

not strong as loose and only few layers

32
Q

loose ct ex.

A

areolar and adipose

33
Q

areolar ct is

A

most common
forms subcutaneous layer

34
Q

adipose ct is

A

specialised
stores fat in droplets and is insulating / energy storage

35
Q

dense connective types

A

regular and irregular

36
Q

dense ct has more what than loose ct

A

fibres

37
Q

dense regular strength

A

strong when pulled sideways due to collagen fibres being regularly arranged however weak when pulled up and down as gap in the middle

38
Q

dense irregular strength

A

strong in all directions - collagen fibres going in all directions

39
Q

dense regular ex.

A

tendons and ligaments

40
Q

dense irregular

A

dermis

41
Q

cartilage 3 examples

A

hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

42
Q

cartilage structure

A

strong and rigid yet flexible - like nose - has a shape, can be manipulated but will return to original shape

43
Q

cartilage components

A

contains cells embedded in an extracellular matrix of chondrin

44
Q

chondrocytes are

A

cells responsible for cartilage formation

45
Q

bone cells 2

A

osteoblasts and osteocytes

46
Q

bone components

A

extracellular matrix of osteoid
crystals of calcium phosphate in osteoid

47
Q

bone is ____ but not _____

A

hard
brittle

48
Q

2 bone types

A

compact
spongy

49
Q

compact bone structure

A

solid and hard
outer layer of bones
circle in center surrounded by bigger circles

50
Q

spongy bone structure

A

internal meshwork
found at ends of long bone and core of short, irregular and flat
blobs spaced out

51
Q

blood function

A

circulate through blood vessels to deliver nutrients and oxygen to cells

52
Q

blood components

A

liquid extracellular matrix – plasma

53
Q

blood 3 cell types

A

erythrocytes
leucocytes
platelets

54
Q

muscle (3rd tissue) function

A

movement

55
Q

muscles cells can

A

contract

56
Q

muscles cells contain

A

microfilaments of two proteins actin and myosin

57
Q

muscle - which is thin and which is thick out of actin and myosin

A

actin = thin
myosin = thick

58
Q

what do actin and myosin do

A

‘walk along’ each other

59
Q

3 types of muscle

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

60
Q

skeletal muscle structure and function

A

stripy
voluntary / conscious control

61
Q

cardiac muscle structure and function

A

stripy and branch like
involuntary control
in heart only

62
Q

smooth structure and function

A

not striated
involuntary control

63
Q

nerve (4th tissue) function

A

transmit nerve impulses from one area to another

64
Q

nerve cell is

A

neuron

Anatomy (15 decks)

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