3. Tissues Flashcards
Tissues are
group of cells with similar structures and function
4 tissue types
epithelial, connective, muscle and nerve
what type of tissue is epithelium
covering (on surface)
function of epithelium
cover out body surface and line inner cavities and organs
epithelium act as a barrier against
fluid loss, injury, invading pathogens
2 names of the number of layers for epithelium
simple and stratified
simple epithelium
single layer of cells
simple epithelium uses
secretion, diffusion and absorption
stratified epithelium
multiple layer of cells
stratified epithelium uses
friction
3 cell shapes of epithelium
squamous, cuboidal, columnar
squamous is
flattened
cuboidal
square
columnar
rectangular
2 specialised epithelium
transitional and glandular
transitional
changes shape
glandular
secretory
simple squamous ex.
alveoli in lungs
simple cuboidal ex.
thyroid gland lining
simple columnar ex.
gastro-intestinal lining
simple columnar ciliated ex.
oviduct
stratified squamous (keratinised) ex.
epidermis
transitional ex.
bladder
simple glandular ex.
mucous membranes e.g. vagina
stratified glandular ex.
specific gland
connective tissue functions
binds and supports other tissues // maintains body and organ shape
connective tissue components
cells (embedded in matrix
ground substance and fibers
what is the ground substance made of
extracellular matrix
3 fibers in ground substance
collagen, elastic, reticular
5 types of connective tissue
loose, dense, cartilage, bone and liquid
loose connective strength
not strong as loose and only few layers
loose ct ex.
areolar and adipose
areolar ct is
most common
forms subcutaneous layer
adipose ct is
specialised
stores fat in droplets and is insulating / energy storage
dense connective types
regular and irregular
dense ct has more what than loose ct
fibres
dense regular strength
strong when pulled sideways due to collagen fibres being regularly arranged however weak when pulled up and down as gap in the middle
dense irregular strength
strong in all directions - collagen fibres going in all directions
dense regular ex.
tendons and ligaments
dense irregular
dermis
cartilage 3 examples
hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage
cartilage structure
strong and rigid yet flexible - like nose - has a shape, can be manipulated but will return to original shape
cartilage components
contains cells embedded in an extracellular matrix of chondrin
chondrocytes are
cells responsible for cartilage formation
bone cells 2
osteoblasts and osteocytes
bone components
extracellular matrix of osteoid
crystals of calcium phosphate in osteoid
bone is ____ but not _____
hard
brittle
2 bone types
compact
spongy
compact bone structure
solid and hard
outer layer of bones
circle in center surrounded by bigger circles
spongy bone structure
internal meshwork
found at ends of long bone and core of short, irregular and flat
blobs spaced out
blood function
circulate through blood vessels to deliver nutrients and oxygen to cells
blood components
liquid extracellular matrix – plasma
blood 3 cell types
erythrocytes
leucocytes
platelets
muscle (3rd tissue) function
movement
muscles cells can
contract
muscles cells contain
microfilaments of two proteins actin and myosin
muscle - which is thin and which is thick out of actin and myosin
actin = thin
myosin = thick
what do actin and myosin do
‘walk along’ each other
3 types of muscle
skeletal
smooth
cardiac
skeletal muscle structure and function
stripy
voluntary / conscious control
cardiac muscle structure and function
stripy and branch like
involuntary control
in heart only
smooth structure and function
not striated
involuntary control
nerve (4th tissue) function
transmit nerve impulses from one area to another
nerve cell is
neuron
