8. Emergency Care, First Aid, & Disasters Flashcards
Medical emergencies involve what 4 situations? [STAR]
- person is unconscious or unresponsive
- person is not breathing
- person has no pulse
- person is bleeding profusely
What things should you take with you when an emergency occurs?
2 pairs of gloves and a barrier face mask
What does it mean to be conscious?
having awareness of surroundings, sensations, and thoughts
What is the acronym for a CNA to perform first aid? What does it stand for? [STAR]
PPE SCC
- PPE: grab and apply PPE
- Safety first; check that area is safe
- Call for help
- Care for victims
Respiratory arrest vs cardiac arrest; what must be initiated in each situation? [STAR]
- respiratory arrest: breathing stops (initiation rescue breathing)
- cardiac arrest: heart stops beating (initiation CPR)
the care given to an injured person by the first people to respond to an emergency
first aid
What residents are at higher risk of choking?
residents who have difficulty chewing/swallowing, have dentures that don’t fit well, are confused, or have poor vision
If a resident is choking but can speak, cough, or breath, what should you do? [STAR]
encourage the resident to cough as forcefully as possible to get the object out
What are signs that a person choking needs abdominal thrusts?
blue-tinged skin (cyanosis), or inability to speak, cough (silent cough), or breathe
what occurs when organs and tissues in the body don’t receive adequate blood supply
shock
Sxs of shock
pale/cyanotic skin, staring, tachycardia, tachypnea, low BP, extreme thirst
Name the 3 types of burns
- first degree (superficial)
- second degree (partial thickness)
- third degree (full thickness)
abnormal heart rhythm, decreased blood supply to brain, hunger, hypoglycemia, dehydration, fear, pain, fatigue, standing for a long time, poor ventilation, pregnancy, or overheating can all cause what?
syncope/fainting
Signs and sx of syncope
dizziness, nausea, diaphoresis, pale skin, weak pulse, shallow respirations, blackness in the visual field
Possible signs and sx of poisoning
vomiting, heavy/difficulty breathing, drowsy, confused, or burns/red areas around the mouth
What is the pain of an MI usually described as? [STAR]
crushing, pressing, squeezing, stabbing, piercing, or “like someone is sitting on my chest”
What type of sxs are women more likely to experience with an MI?
flu-like sx, SOB, pain/pressure in the lower chest or upper ABD, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, pressure in upper back, or extreme fatigue
What can result in insulin reaction or hypoglycemia?
can result from either too much insulin or too little food; can also occur when a regular amount of food is eaten, but physical activity may cause the body to rapidly absorb food
Signs and sx of insulin reaction or hypoglycemia
weakness, nervousness, dizziness, or diaphoresis
What should you give a person with hypoglycemia if they are conscious and can swallow?
- a glass of milk, fruit juice, or water w/ sugar dissolved in it
- glucose tablet
blood glucose levels fall but the person doesn’t experience any sxs is know as what?
hypoglycemia unawareness
undiagnosed DM, infection (UTI), not taking insulin, hyperglycemia, eating too much, not getting enough exercise, or physical/emotional stress can cause what?
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
What is your main goal when a resident has a seizure? [STAR]
to make sure the resident is safe
Describe an absence or petit mal seizure
brief episodes of staring in which levels of awareness and responsiveness are limited; usually people don’t realize they’ve had a seizure and can be alert afterwards
