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CNA > 8. Emergency Care, First Aid, & Disasters > Flashcards

8. Emergency Care, First Aid, & Disasters Flashcards

1
Q

Medical emergencies involve what 4 situations? [STAR]

A
  • person is unconscious or unresponsive
  • person is not breathing
  • person has no pulse
  • person is bleeding profusely
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2
Q

What things should you take with you when an emergency occurs?

A

2 pairs of gloves and a barrier face mask

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3
Q

What does it mean to be conscious?

A

having awareness of surroundings, sensations, and thoughts

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4
Q

What is the acronym for a CNA to perform first aid? What does it stand for? [STAR]

A

PPE SCC

  • PPE: grab and apply PPE
  • Safety first; check that area is safe
  • Call for help
  • Care for victims
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5
Q

Respiratory arrest vs cardiac arrest; what must be initiated in each situation? [STAR]

A
  • respiratory arrest: breathing stops (initiation rescue breathing)
  • cardiac arrest: heart stops beating (initiation CPR)
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6
Q

the care given to an injured person by the first people to respond to an emergency

A

first aid

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7
Q

What residents are at higher risk of choking?

A

residents who have difficulty chewing/swallowing, have dentures that don’t fit well, are confused, or have poor vision

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8
Q

If a resident is choking but can speak, cough, or breath, what should you do? [STAR]

A

encourage the resident to cough as forcefully as possible to get the object out

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9
Q

What are signs that a person choking needs abdominal thrusts?

A

blue-tinged skin (cyanosis), or inability to speak, cough (silent cough), or breathe

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10
Q

what occurs when organs and tissues in the body don’t receive adequate blood supply

A

shock

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11
Q

Sxs of shock

A

pale/cyanotic skin, staring, tachycardia, tachypnea, low BP, extreme thirst

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12
Q

Name the 3 types of burns

A
  • first degree (superficial)
  • second degree (partial thickness)
  • third degree (full thickness)
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13
Q

abnormal heart rhythm, decreased blood supply to brain, hunger, hypoglycemia, dehydration, fear, pain, fatigue, standing for a long time, poor ventilation, pregnancy, or overheating can all cause what?

A

syncope/fainting

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14
Q

Signs and sx of syncope

A

dizziness, nausea, diaphoresis, pale skin, weak pulse, shallow respirations, blackness in the visual field

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15
Q

Possible signs and sx of poisoning

A

vomiting, heavy/difficulty breathing, drowsy, confused, or burns/red areas around the mouth

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16
Q

What is the pain of an MI usually described as? [STAR]

A

crushing, pressing, squeezing, stabbing, piercing, or “like someone is sitting on my chest”

17
Q

What type of sxs are women more likely to experience with an MI?

A

flu-like sx, SOB, pain/pressure in the lower chest or upper ABD, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, pressure in upper back, or extreme fatigue

18
Q

What can result in insulin reaction or hypoglycemia?

A

can result from either too much insulin or too little food; can also occur when a regular amount of food is eaten, but physical activity may cause the body to rapidly absorb food

19
Q

Signs and sx of insulin reaction or hypoglycemia

A

weakness, nervousness, dizziness, or diaphoresis

20
Q

What should you give a person with hypoglycemia if they are conscious and can swallow?

A
  • a glass of milk, fruit juice, or water w/ sugar dissolved in it
  • glucose tablet
21
Q

blood glucose levels fall but the person doesn’t experience any sxs is know as what?

A

hypoglycemia unawareness

22
Q

undiagnosed DM, infection (UTI), not taking insulin, hyperglycemia, eating too much, not getting enough exercise, or physical/emotional stress can cause what?

A

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

23
Q

What is your main goal when a resident has a seizure? [STAR]

A

to make sure the resident is safe

24
Q

Describe an absence or petit mal seizure

A

brief episodes of staring in which levels of awareness and responsiveness are limited; usually people don’t realize they’ve had a seizure and can be alert afterwards

25
Q

Describe a myoclonic seizure

A

brief jerks of a muscle or group of muscles that usually don’t last for more than a few seconds

26
Q

Describe an atonic seizure (drop attack/drop seizure)

A

muscles suddenly lose strength, which can cause drooping of the eyelids and nodding of the head; person may drop things or fall to the ground; person is usually conscious during the seizure and it lasts less than 15 seconds

27
Q

Describe a tonic seizure

A

muscle tone is greatly increased temporarily, and the body, arms, or legs can suddenly stiffen; person usually remains conscious; most often occur during sleep and last less than 20 seconds

28
Q

Describe a clonic seizure

A

consists of rhythmic jerking of the arms and legs; can occur on one or both sides of the body and length of seizure varies

29
Q

Describe a tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal seizure)

A

all the muscles stiffen and the person may groan and lose consciousness, falling to the floor; person may bite their tongue/cheek, turn blue, or lose bladder/bowel control; arms and legs make rhythmic jerking and bending movements; usually lasts 1-3 minutes and afterwards, person may be confused, tired, or agitated

30
Q

What can cause a CVA?

A

a clot, ruptured blood vessel, or pressure from a tumor compressing a vessel

31
Q

What is a TIA and how long do sx usually last?

A

transient ischemic attack results from a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain; sx may last up to 24 hours

32
Q

Define the following: hemiplegia, hemiparesis, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia

A
  • hemiplegia: paralysis on one side of the body
  • hemiparesis: arm or leg numbness or weakness, especially on one side
  • expressive aphasia: slurred speech or inability to speak
  • receptive aphasia: inability to understand spoken or written words
33
Q

What is the acronym for sudden signs a stroke is occurring? What does it stand for? [STAR]

A

FAST

  • Face (one-sided drooping)
  • Arms (one arm weak/numb)
  • Speech (slurred speech; aphasia)
  • Time (timing is very important and must act fast when sx occur)
34
Q

What is the CNA’s role on the code team?

A

they may be asked to perform chest compressions during CPR

35
Q

T/F - responding to a code is more important than the resident they are currently taking care of

A

False - find another staff member to take over the resident before responding to the code

36
Q

What is the universal sign of choking? [STAR]

A

hands crossed over throat

37
Q

Name 3 things you shouldn’t do when a someone is having a seizure? [STAR]

A
  • don’t try to stop the seizure or restrain the person
  • don’t put anything in their mouth
  • don’t give them any food or fluids

CNA (17 decks)

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