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CNA > 15. GI System > Flashcards

15. GI System Flashcards

1
Q

What pauses during swallowing?

A

breathing

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2
Q

How long does food usually stay in the stomach?

A

2-6 hours

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3
Q

How long does it take for chyme to become feces within the colon?

A

3-10 hours

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4
Q

Describe the normal appearance of stool?

A

normally brown in color, and its consistency is soft, moist, and formed (not loose)

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5
Q

List 3 ways that CNAs can promote normal elimination?

A
  • encourage fluids and nutritious meals as well as regular exercise
  • provide privacy and plenty of time for elimination
  • make sure each resident is helped to the bathroom at the time of day that is best for them
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6
Q

What may be prescribed to increase the amount of beneficial bacteria in the GI tract?

A

probiotics

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7
Q

A healthy person needs how much fluids per day?

A

at least 64 ounces

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8
Q

T/F - Abx can cause diarrhea, pain relievers can cause constipation

A

True

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9
Q

bedpan that is flatter than a regular bedpan; used for small or thin people, those who cannot lift their buttocks, or those with hip fractures

A

fracture pan

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10
Q

used for people who can get out of bed but who find it difficulty to walk to the bathroom

A

portable or bedside commode

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11
Q

Sx of heartburn

A
  • burning feeling in esophagus
  • pain in chest around sternum (usually occurs directly after eating a meal)
  • bitter taste in the mouth
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12
Q

chronic condition in which liquid contents of stomach back up into the esophagus and can damage lining of esophagus and lead to bleeding, ulcers, or difficulty swallowing

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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13
Q

How should meals be served to residents with GERD?

A

small meals should be served throughout the day and the last meal of the day should be 3-4 hours before bedtime

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14
Q

raw sores in the stomach or intestines

A

ulcers

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15
Q

Sx of ulcers

A
  • dull or burning pain 1-3 hours or more after eating
  • belching or vomiting
  • black tarry stools
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16
Q

What bacteria can cause ulcers?

A

helicobacter pylori

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17
Q

Long term use of what meds can cause ulcers?

A

aspirin or ibuprofen

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18
Q

Sx of cirrhosis

A
  • fatigue
  • bruising easily
  • itchy skin
  • jaundice
  • ascites in the ABD
  • edema in the legs
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19
Q

occurs when pressure pushes a part of a body cavity out through a weakened area of muscle or CT

A

hernia

20
Q

What is the difference between Crohn’s disease and IBS?

A

with IBS, there is no changes in the bowel tissue (inflammation) as there is with Crohn’s disease

21
Q

disorder that causes inflammation and sores in the lining of the large intestine only

A

Ulcerative colitis

22
Q

disorder of the intestinal wall of the large intestine that causes sac-like pouches to develop in weakened areas

A

diverticulosis

23
Q

What can worsen IBS?

A

stress

24
Q

Name 2 body positions that can help reduce flatulence. For how long should residents be placed in these positions?

A
  • left-side-lying (Sims position)
  • supine position
  • at least 20 minutes
25
Q

can result from poor diet, lack of exercise, decrease in fluid intake, medications, disease, or ignoring the urge to eliminate

A

constipation

26
Q

specific amount of water or there fluid, with or without additive, introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool

A

enema

27
Q

medication given rectally to cause a bowel movement

A

suppository

28
Q

What diet is often prescribed short-term for diarrhea?

A
  • BRAT diet

- bananas, rice, applesauce, and tea/toast

29
Q

muscle and nerve damage, disorders of the spinal cord or anus, injuries to the anal muscles during childbirth, injuries due to anal operations, trauma, fecal impaction, constipation, and tumors can call cause what?

A

fecal incontinence

30
Q

Sx of fecal impaction

A
  • no stool for several days
  • ABD or rectal pain
  • ABD distention
  • N/V
  • seeping or oozing of liquid stool (can be mistaken for diarrhea)
  • increased urination or inability to urinate
  • fever, confusion/disorientation
31
Q

T/F - a person can remove a fecal impaction on their own

A

False - usually a nurse/doctor will insert fingers into the rectum to break up the mass

32
Q

Sx of hemorrhoids

A
  • rectal itching
  • burning pain
  • bleeding during bowel elimination
33
Q

Name 4 GI disorders that are increased by obesity

A
  • GERD
  • Gallbladder disease
  • fatty liver disease
  • cancers of the GI tract
34
Q

Describe each of the following enemas: tap water, soapsuds, saline, commercial

A
  • tap water enema (TWE): 500-1000 mL water from a faucet (nothing added to it)
  • soapsuds enema (SSE): 500-1000 mL water w/ 5 mL of mild castile soap added
  • saline enema: 500-1000 mL water w/ 2 tsp of salt added
  • commercial enema (pre-packaged enema): 120 mL solution; may have oil or other additive
35
Q

tap water, soapsuds, and saline enemas are all considered what?

A

cleansing enemas

36
Q

What position are residents placed in for an enema?

A

Sims position; if positioned on the left side, water doesn’t have to flow against gravity

37
Q

What types of residents may not be able to have enemas?

A

residents with heart disease; stimulation of the rectal area may cause changes in heart rate or rhythm

38
Q

For what reasons would an oil-retention enema be given?

A
  • lubricate the intestine to make stool pass more easily
  • to soften stool for ease of elimination
  • reduce straining with bowel movements
  • to eliminate a fecal impaction
39
Q

What types of things are tested for using a stool specimen?

A
  • blood
  • pathogens
  • ova and parasites (O&P) to detect worms or amoebas
40
Q

What information must a specimen container include?

A
  • resident’s name
  • DOB
  • doctor’s name
  • room number
  • date and time collected
41
Q

What items should not be included in a stool specimen?

A

urine and toilet paper

42
Q

What should be avoided when providing perineal care for a resident who has hemorrhoids?

A
  • excessive cleaning and wiping should be avoided

- scented soaps shouldn’t be used

43
Q

If a resident feels pain during an enema, what should you do?

A

stop immediately

44
Q

surgical creation of an opening from an area inside the body to the outside

A

ostomy

45
Q

artificial opening in the ABD

A

stoma

46
Q

When might an ostomy be necessary?

A

due to bowel disease such as diverticulitis, Crohn’s disease, or colon cancer

47
Q

ileostomy vs colostomy; how will stool appear in each?

A
  • ileostomy: surgically-created opening into the ileum; stool will be liquid
  • colostomy: surgically-created opening into the colon; stool will be semi-solid

CNA (17 decks)

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