8/21 - Evolution thinking Flashcards
What are needed for Natural Selection:
1) Natural Variation:
Individuals within species had _____________________
Variation
What are needed for Natural Selection:
2) Heritability (Genetic Inheritance)
Some of these variations are passed on to _____________
- How heritability occurs was not known to Darwin
(Didn’t know about __________)
1.offspring
2.DNA
What are needed for Natural Selection:
3) Differential Survival
* Owing to lack of food or other resources, many
offspring _________________________
* In every generation more offspring are produced
than can survive (Malthus’ principle)
- do not survive
What are needed for Natural Selection:
4) Differential Reproduction
* All species are capable of producing ________
offspring than the environment can support
* Organisms best suited for their environment
_______________________________
1.more
2.survive and reproduce
Darwin’s Natural Selection:
_____________________________have more offspring
& increase in frequency (i.e. they have been
naturally selected!)
1.Favorable variations
Alfred Russel Wallace:
* 1858: independently
described a mechanism
for biological evolution
that was almost
____________ to Darwin’s
ideas
1.identical
Alfred Russel Wallace:
Darwin and Wallace both
______________ their
discoveries of __________
_____________at the 1858
Linnaean Society
1.presented
2.natural selection
On the Origin of Species by
Means of Natural Selection
By: Charles Darwin:
-Proposed that diversity of
life is driven by __________
_________________
1.natural mechanisms
On the Origin of Species by
Means of Natural Selection
-All biological research work
under his intellectual
paradigm that all life on
Earth is __________ and
have evolved from a
common ancestor
1.related
Evolution is a bush not a ladder:
Natural selection does not create
____________________, but edits or selects for
traits already present in the population
1.new traits
Evidence of Evolution:
1) Fossil Evidence
* Provides evidence of:
– ____________ of species
– Origin of _______________
– Changes within groups
over time
1.Extinction
2.new groups
1) Fossil Evidence
Can sometimes trace
evolutionary __________
of an organism
1.history
Evidence of Evolution:
2) Biogeographical Evidence
* Geographical distributions of plants and animals
* Provides info on how they may __________________
* Related species likely evolved in ______________
and then ___________ to accessible regions
1.evolved
2.one locale
3.spread
Evidence of Evolution:
3) Anatomical Evidence
* All vertebrate forelimbs contain the same sets of
bones (although function may differ)
– Homologous structures (_______________________)
1.Inherited from a common ancestor
Evidence of Evolution:
4) Similarities of Embryos
* Embryos of many different kinds of animals (mammals,
birds, reptiles, fish, etc.) look very similar
* Shows that they are similar and ____________ similarly
* Implies they are ________________
1.develop
2.related
