8/16 - Evolutional thinking

Question 1

Change in the genetic
composition of a _______________
during successive generations, as
a result of ___________________
(Biological definition)

Answer 1

1.population
2.natural selection

Question 2

Descent with ___________________
(textbook)

Answer 2

1.modification

Question 3

Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.)
Scala Naturae, or Great Chain of
Being, or _____________________

Answer 3

1.ladder of life
extra:
-believed that all living things are fixed
(didn’t believe in evolution or extinction)
-no new species can exist

Question 4

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
Did not believe in evolution
Advocate of:
– _________________________
– Fixity of species

Answer 4

1.Special creations

Question 5

Theory of catastrophism:
Established that _______________
was a fact

Answer 5

1.extinction was a fact

Question 6

Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744 – 1829)
2 mechanisms for evolutionary change:
1. Principle of _________________
2. Inheritance of __________________
_____________________________

Answer 6

1.of use and disuse(the more you use a body part the longer it’d get)
2.acquired characteristics

Question 7

Lamarck’s contributions to evolution:
Organisms __________________
______________________

Answer 7

1.change response to environment

Question 8

Charles Darwin:
1831 – 1836: Embarked on a
5 year, unpaid position on
the __________________for a
round-the-world journey

Answer 8

1.H.M.S Beagle

Question 9

Charles Darwin:
The ship’s naturalist quit and
Darwin unofficially took the
position as
___________________

Answer 9

1.Naturalist

Question 10

Charles Darwin:
Map coastline of South America:
Observed ___________________________________
that inhabited many diverse environments

Answer 10

1.adaptations of plants and animals

Question 11

Influences on Darwin
1.Geologic change
occurs _________ over
_______________________
2.Earth is older than
__________ years

Answer 11

1.slowly over long periods of time
2. 6,000

Question 12

Influences on Darwin
• Populations have the potential to increase geometrically
1.Do not because of __________________ for limited resources
2.______________

Answer 12

1.competition
2.”Struggle for existence”

Question 13

What are needed for Natural Selection:
1) Natural Variation:
Individuals within species had _____________________

Answer 13

1.Variation

Question 14

What are needed for Natural Selection:
2) Heritability (Genetic Inheritance)
Some of these variations are passed on to _____________

Answer 14

1. Offspring

Question 15

How heritability occurs was not known to Darwin
(Didn’t know about __________)

Answer 15

1. DNA

Question 16

What are needed for Natural Selection:
3) Differential Survival
* Owing to lack of food or other resources, many
offspring _________________________

Answer 16

1. Do not survive

Question 17

What are needed for Natural Selection:
4) Differential Reproduction
* All species are capable of producing ________
offspring than the environment can support
* Organisms best suited for their environment
_______________________________

Answer 17

1. More
2. survive and reproduce