8/16 - Evolutional thinking Flashcards

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1
Q

Change in the genetic
composition of a _______________
during successive generations, as
a result of ___________________
(Biological definition)

A

1.population
2.natural selection

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2
Q

Descent with ___________________
(textbook)

A

1.modification

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3
Q

Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.)
Scala Naturae, or Great Chain of
Being, or _____________________

A

1.ladder of life
extra:
-believed that all living things are fixed
(didn’t believe in evolution or extinction)
-no new species can exist

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4
Q

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
Did not believe in evolution
Advocate of:
– _________________________
– Fixity of species

A

1.Special creations

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5
Q

Theory of catastrophism:
Established that _______________
was a fact

A

1.extinction was a fact

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6
Q

Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744 – 1829)
2 mechanisms for evolutionary change:
1. Principle of _________________
2. Inheritance of __________________
_____________________________

A

1.of use and disuse(the more you use a body part the longer it’d get)
2.acquired characteristics

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7
Q

Lamarck’s contributions to evolution:
Organisms __________________
______________________

A

1.change response to environment

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8
Q

Charles Darwin:
1831 – 1836: Embarked on a
5 year, unpaid position on
the __________________for a
round-the-world journey

A

1.H.M.S Beagle

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9
Q

Charles Darwin:
The ship’s naturalist quit and
Darwin unofficially took the
position as
___________________

A

1.Naturalist

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10
Q

Charles Darwin:
Map coastline of South America:
Observed ___________________________________
that inhabited many diverse environments

A

1.adaptations of plants and animals

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11
Q

Influences on Darwin
1.Geologic change
occurs _________ over
_______________________
2.Earth is older than
__________ years

A

1.slowly over long periods of time
2. 6,000

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12
Q

Influences on Darwin
• Populations have the potential to increase geometrically
1.Do not because of __________________ for limited resources
2.______________

A

1.competition
2.”Struggle for existence”

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13
Q

What are needed for Natural Selection:
1) Natural Variation:
Individuals within species had _____________________

A

1.Variation

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14
Q

What are needed for Natural Selection:
2) Heritability (Genetic Inheritance)
Some of these variations are passed on to _____________

A
  1. Offspring
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15
Q

How heritability occurs was not known to Darwin
(Didn’t know about __________)

A
  1. DNA
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16
Q

What are needed for Natural Selection:
3) Differential Survival
* Owing to lack of food or other resources, many
offspring _________________________

A
  1. Do not survive
17
Q

What are needed for Natural Selection:
4) Differential Reproduction
* All species are capable of producing ________
offspring than the environment can support
* Organisms best suited for their environment
_______________________________

A
  1. More
  2. survive and reproduce