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Block 1 > 8-1 (8.15.16) > Flashcards

8-1 (8.15.16) Flashcards

1
Q

purpose of connective tissue

A

-supports, connects

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2
Q

specialized types of connective tissue does what

A

insulates

absorbs shock

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3
Q

structure of connective tissue

A

embedded in ECM

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4
Q

main cell in connective tissue is

A

fibroblast

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5
Q

dif bt fibroblast and cytes (size)

A

cytes are skinner

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6
Q

fibroblast purpose

A

make fibers and macromolecules

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7
Q

type ? forms meshworks

A

3

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8
Q

Fibrillin-1

  • forms
  • purpose
  • complex is called
A

forms fine microfibrils

acts as a scaffolding on which the elastin
molecules are deposited.

complex is
called elastic fiber.

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9
Q

OTHER CELLS found in connective tissue ??

A

IMMUNE CELLS

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10
Q

1 purpose of macrophage

2 part of immune system (1st 2nd 3rd) line defense

A

1 endocytose and digest in lysosome

2 FIRST

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11
Q

read: plasma cell is a type of immune cell

A

-

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12
Q

Plasma cells are derived from what

A

B lymphocytes

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13
Q
  1. purpose of plasma cells
  2. how can you tell if cell is plasma cell
  3. purpose of mast cell
  4. receptors of mast cells are
A
  1. make antibodies
  2. clock face nucleus (read: clumping chromatin)
  3. STORES the mediator of inflammation (read: histamine, proteases, leukotrienes)
  4. IgE receptors
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14
Q

action potentials are “” regenerating

A

self

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15
Q

define all or none

A

action potential does not vary as it propagates along a membrane (read: does not “fade out”)

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16
Q

phases of basic action potential

A

1) rapid depolarization to a peak
2) falling phase of repolarization back to resting potential
3) undershoot: after hyperpolarization

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17
Q

ball and chain

1. which channel

A
  1. Na
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18
Q

define local circuit current

A

loop of membrane current flowing during propagation of action potential

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19
Q

three variations of action potentials

A
  1. in CNS, long lasting after hyperpolarization
  2. in heart, AP have long plateau phase bc of opening of Ca channels
  3. in heart, rate is controlled by fluctation in voltage of SA node cells (fluc is called pacemaker potential)
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20
Q

two ion channels are critical to pacemaker potential - name them

A

1) L type Ca

2) T type Ca

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21
Q

beta blocker does what

A

slows the heart and reduces BP

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22
Q

define artery

vein

capillaries

A

artery = carry blood AWAY from heart

vein = “” TOWARD heart

where gas, nutrient exchange occurs

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23
Q

arteries are what color

A

red

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24
Q

exception to typical coloring of artery and vein

A

pulmonary art/vein

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25
Q

thinner walls: vein vs artery

why

A

veins

arteries experience higher BP so need stronger wall

26
Q

heart is a “” pump

A

double

27
Q

(low/high) pressure in veins

(low/high) pressure in arteries

A

veins = low

arteries = high

28
Q

define lymphatic system

  • composed of

- purpose (other than get rid of bacteria in lymph node)

A
  • capillaries and ducts

- drain excess fluid OUT of tissues and BACK to blood

29
Q

excess fluid in tissue space is DRAINED by

A

lymph capillaries

30
Q

lymph capillaries are (more/less) porous than blood capillaries

A

more

31
Q

purpose of lymph node

A

node = fluid is filtered and exposed to white blood cells

32
Q

permeability of lymph capillaries means what

A

large things like bacteria can get into lymph

33
Q

nervous system functions

A

1) sensation
2) integration - processing of sensory info and decision to act or not
3) action - involves effectors (muscles or glands)

34
Q

where does integration take place?

A

in brain or spinal cord

35
Q

sensation -> integration (what neuron connects)

integration -> action (what neuron connects)

A

S to I = sensory neuron

I to A = motor neuron

36
Q

dif bt axon and dendrite

  • function
  • #
A

axon: transmits AP; single
dendrites: receive AP; multiple

37
Q

name two types of neurons found in PNS

A

motor

sensory neurons

38
Q

synaptic endings of sensory neurons are found in (CNS or PNS)

A

CNS

39
Q

both sensory and motor neurons (verb) two things

A

bridge PNS and CNS

40
Q

PNS is composed of these types of neurons

CNS is composed of..

A

PNS - sensory and motor neurons

CNS - sensory, motor, AND interneurons

41
Q

”“-neurons perform the integration function of nervous system

A

INTER

42
Q

read: some inter-neurons have connections with thousands of other neurons

A

-

43
Q

define nerves

same thing in ?NS is called

A

bundles of axons in PNS

CNS, nerve tract

44
Q

emerging from both sides of spinal cord are # pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

45
Q

each spinal nerve is made of “”

A

union of two roots from spinal cord

  • dorsal/posterior root
  • ventral/anterior root
46
Q

define inter-vertebral foramina

A

spaces bt vertebrae where spinal nerves exit vertebral canal

47
Q

dorsal root contains only “” axons

ventral root “”

read: nerves contain both sensory and motor axons

A

sensory

ventral - only motor axons

48
Q

define dorsal root ganglion

A

lump formed by cell bodies of all sensory neurons

49
Q

define ganglion

define nucleus

A

group of neuron cell bodies in PNS

group of neuron cell bodies in CNS

50
Q

after d/v roots join to form spinal nerve, what happens

A

spinal nerve divides into two parts: dorsal and ventral rami

51
Q

rami means what

A

arm

52
Q

rami components

A

motor and sensory axons

53
Q

dorsal ramus function

ventral ramus function

A

DR = motor innervation to deep muscles of back and sensory innervation to skin over vertebrae

VR = motor innervation to all other muscles of body and sensory in to all remaining skin

54
Q

read: ventral ramus is LARGER than dorsal ramus

A

-

55
Q

cross section of spinal cord will show two things

A

outer region - white matter

inner region - gray matter

56
Q

define white matter

A

mostly nerve tracts (bundles of axons carrying sensory AP to brain or motor AP down from brain)

57
Q

why is white matter white

A

myelin is white and myelin wraps around axons

58
Q

then why is gray matter called gray

A

bc their bodies aren’t covered in myelin

59
Q

gray matter dorsal horn is composed of “” neurons

ventral

A

dorsal - interneurons (receive sensory input)

ventral - motor neurons

60
Q

deep muscles of back are called

A

E-PAXIAL muscles

Block 1 (16 decks)

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