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Block 1 > 1-1 > Flashcards

1-1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fast responsepathway is called

A

Sympatho-adrenal pathway

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2
Q

Fast response (3 things that happen to body)

A

Dilate pupils; Constrict blood vessels (GI tract & skin); Dilate blood vessels (skeletal muscles)

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3
Q

Slow response

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

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4
Q

Positive short term effects of cortisol

A

1. Mobilize energy reserves (increase glucose and fatty acid release)

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5
Q

Chronic cortisol leads to what about blood vessels

A

up stiffness

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6
Q

% of GDP healthcare NOW

$$ per capita NOW

A

20%

$10,000

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7
Q

What are the 3 spheres where Americans get care?

A 
#1. Popular = treatment which is community based (fam) 
#2. Folk = ethnic/religious healers 
#3. Professional
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8
Q

Gov insurance % of US pop

A

30%

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9
Q

Triple aim is

A
  1. up experience of care
  2. up pop health
  3. down cost
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10
Q

All country’s systems have (2 things)

A
  • comprehensive

- similar salaries for all docs

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11
Q

Canadian health system: all medically necessary care provided WITHOUT “”

A

Co-pays

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12
Q

2 features of patient centered med home

A
  • personal doc

- whole person orientation

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13
Q

RI’s unemployment rate %

A

7

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14
Q

RI ranks # for % of children living in poverty

US average

A

Rank in 20s

20s

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15
Q

RI ranks best in what (2 things)

A

Ranks #1 for immunization among children

Ranks #1 for im. Among teens

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16
Q

3 priorities of RI DOH

A 
#1. Address social determ
#2. Eliminate health disparities 
#3. Ensure access to care
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17
Q

name of proposed solution (geographic areas)

A

Health equity zone

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18
Q

Many states are showing (up/down) in childhood obesity

A

Down

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19
Q

Obesity is BMI over #

A

30

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20
Q

Aging pyramid trend

1980 to now

A

Before: base is young
Now: the base balloons up, so that the end result is an upside down heart

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21
Q

example of Polysaccharide

A

amylose starch

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22
Q

Carbs (3 types)

A

Mono-saccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharide

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23
Q

examples of lipids (2)

A

fatty acid

acyl-glycerol (triglyceride)

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24
Q

fatty acid principle things (chemically)

A

methyl group on one end

carboxyl group on other

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25
Q

types of lipids

A

FA
acylglycerol
sphingo-lipid
steroid

26
Q

amino acids consist of

A

amino + carboxylic acid groups

27
Q

nitrogen containing comp (list them)

A 
#1 AA
#2 purine, pyri-midine, pyri-dine 
#3 nucleoside 
#4 nucleotide
28
Q

define nucleoside

tide

A

side = nitrogen containing ring plus sugar, like ribose

tide = nucleoSIDE with a phosphate attached to the sugar

29
Q

list AA that are essential

A

I like light that tries making home very pretty

isoleucine 
leucine 
lysine 
threonine 
tryptophan 
methionine 
histidine 
valine 
phenylalanine
30
Q

during a 24 hr fast, energy needs are met by

A
  • consumption of liver glycogen

- conversion of protein to glucose via gluconeogenesis

31
Q

during longer periods of fasting, remaining energy needs are supplied by

A
  • production of ketone bodies from fatty acids

- by muscle protein, which is a substrate for gluconeogenesis

32
Q

3 ways metabolic regulation is done

A
  • availability of substrates
  • covalent modification of enzymes
  • altered synthesis/breakdown of enzymes
33
Q

”” is the primary storage form of carb in plants

A

starch

34
Q

soluble fiber “” (slows/fasts) digestion

A

slows

35
Q

source of insoluble

soluble

A

insoluble

  • bran
  • whole grain

soluble
-pectin-containing foods (fruit, legume)

36
Q

define glycemic index

A

blood glucose response to a carb

37
Q

what is the primary utility of GI

A

predict glucose response in ppl with diabetes

38
Q

adj essential means

A

must be acquired thru diet

39
Q

Total energy expenditure =

A

Resting energy expenditure (60%) + thermic effect of food + calories expended in physical activity

40
Q

Thermic effect of food = what

A

10%(TEE)

41
Q

Body water makes up ?/70 kg male

A

40 kg

42
Q

If a person of normal weight has free access to water BUT nothing to eat, how long can they survive?

A

2 month

43
Q

Mono-saccharides (3 things)

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

44
Q

Glucose dietary source (2)

Fructose dietary source (2)

A

Fruits
Corn syrup

Fruit
High fructose corn syrup

45
Q

Galactose dietary source

A

Milk

46
Q

Why is galactose weird

A

Not found free in nature

47
Q

What are the di-saccharides

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

48
Q

Define glycemic index

A

Area under the curve

Blood sugar over time after you consume something

49
Q

The more saturated, the “” the melting temp

A

Higher

50
Q

Define trans fat

  • un/sat

- contains (cis/trans) (iso/poly) fatty acid

A

Unsaturated fat that contain trans isomer fatty acids

51
Q

Trans fat pro (2)

A

1) less prone to oxidation

2) higher burning temp

52
Q

the force that moves water (to side with more solutes) is called

A

osmotic pressure

53
Q

water req #

A

1 mL / 1 Cal

54
Q

read: reduce water loss by keeping wet clothes close to skin

A

-

55
Q

pH equation

A

-log [H+]

56
Q

normal blood pH

A

7.4

57
Q

define acid

base

A

a = donate H

base = accept H

58
Q

Ka denotes what

A

tendency of acid to dissociate and donate H

59
Q

lower the pKa…what

A

lower the pKa, the greater the tendency for the acid to dissociate/stronger the acid

60
Q

greatest increase in blood sugar when eat what kind of food

A

complex

Block 1 (16 decks)

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