12-1 (8.19.16)

Question 1

defective neural tube fusion happens at wk #

Answer 1

3

Question 2

name neural tube defects (3)

Answer 2

1) an-en-ce-phaly
2) en-ce-phalo-cele
3) spina bifida

Question 3

how do you screen for neural tube defects

Answer 3

screen for UP alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
in
maternal serum and amniotic fluid

Question 4

how do you prevent neural tube defects

Answer 4

give mom folic acid

Question 5

”” cells are the predominant neuron in cortex

Answer 5

pyramidal

Question 6

cerebrum vs cereBELLUM: which has more layers of cortical gray matter

Answer 6

BRUM

Question 7

which of the neuron cells looks literally like a bush

which neuron looks like a triangle

Answer 7

Purkinje

triangle - pyramidal

Question 8

match to correct term

• bodies
• gray matter
• process
• white matter

Answer 8

gray + body

process + white

Question 9

define Nissl substance

Answer 9

RER that make peptide NT

Question 10

axons are like tracks…what is its main protein

Answer 10

microtub

Question 11

anterograde
retrograde
protein involved in each

Answer 11

A = kinesin 
R = dynein

Question 12

glial cell MAIN idea purpose

Answer 12

support and protect neurons

Question 13

glial cell: neurons

ratio of #

Answer 13

G: N
10:1

Question 14

these two form myelin

• Schwann
• ??

match them to CNS or PNS

Answer 14

?? = oligo-dendro-cyte (CNS)

PNS for other

Question 15

what does an oligo-dendro-cyte look like

Answer 15

like a rounded OLIVE

Question 16

what is gyri and sulci

Answer 16

the folds of the cerebral cortex surface

Question 17

read: gray matter consists of cell bodies (unm) and rest

white matter: JUST axons

Answer 17

-

Question 18

how many layers of cortex

Answer 18

6

Question 19

pyramidal cell function

Answer 19

transmit signal to other parts of CNS

Question 20

main physio problem of multiple sclerosis

Answer 20

immune system attacks myelin

Question 21

name the layers of the meninges

Answer 21

pia
arachnoid
dura

Question 22

which organ produces CSF

Answer 22

choroid plexus

Question 23

define the meninges

Answer 23

system of membranes that envelops the CNS

Question 24

arachnoid
-consists of

pia mater
-consists of

stack the three layers

Answer 24

A
-CSF

P
-collagen

DURA
A
P

Question 25

function of ependymal cell

Answer 25

creates CSF

Question 26

weird fact about cell bodies

autonomic ganglia is found in PNS/CNS

Answer 26

NONE in nerves

only in CNS or ganglia

AG - PNS

Question 27

electrical synapses consist of electrical connections thru what

Answer 27

ion channels in gap junctions

Question 28

chemical synapses release “” to ensue with its function

Answer 28

chem NT

Question 29

list out the steps of a chem synapse in neuromuscular junction

Answer 29

1) AP arrives; dep happens
2) Ca channels open
3) vesicles release ACh into cleft; ACh opens ion channels; dep to threshold

Question 30

local dep is called

Answer 30

endplate potential

Question 31

dif bt muscle and posts nerve cell

hint: decide to fire AP

Answer 31

posts has to integrate many inputs from various sources in order to decide whether to fire an action potential

Question 32

which dep result from opening of NONselective cation channels

Answer 32

EPSP

Question 33

most common inhibitory NT in brain

Answer 33

GABA

Question 34

EPSP reversal potential =

IPSP “”

Answer 34

EP = 0

IP = near Nernest eq for K or Cl

Question 35

excitation of flexor motorneuron is accompanied by…so that the leg bends

Answer 35

inhibition of extensor motorneuron

Question 36

EPSP mec

IPSP mec

Answer 36

E
-opening of nonselective cation channels (Na and K)

I
-opening of selective channels (K or Cl)

Question 37

AA that generate EPSP

IPSP

Answer 37

glutamate, aspartate

I = GABA

Question 38

define saltatory conduction

Answer 38

when AP jump from node to node