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Block 1 > 4-1 (8.9.16) > Flashcards

4-1 (8.9.16) Flashcards

1
Q

The cytosol comprises % of cell V

A

50

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2
Q

ER purpose

A

produces proteins and lipids

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3
Q

ER enzyme example 1

A

ER enzymes use fatty acids to make phospholipids -> these are transferred to inner surface by scramblase

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4
Q

Describe docking + fusing of vesicle

A

dock means tethering protein binds to Rab protein; to fuse membranes, v-snare and t-snare wrap

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5
Q

forward or backward transport

-for what vesicle

A

for COP coated vesicle; F means ER-cis-medial-trans Golgi; B means opp

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6
Q

some endocytosed stuff pass unchaged thru cell, what is this called

A

transcytosis

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7
Q

thing about lysosome membrane

A

are glyco-sylated to prevent digestion by protease

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8
Q

lysosome contains enzymes that do what

A

break down stuff

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9
Q

lysosome pH is maintained via what (give one ex)

A

proton pumps (ATP synthase in reverse)

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10
Q

describe the modification of lysosomal enzymes

A

accumulation of lysosomal enzymes CONVERTS endosome into lysosome

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11
Q

define DNA

A

polymer of nucleotides

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12
Q

eukaryote vs prokaryotic DNA

A

eu means DNA is linear; pro means DNA is circular

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13
Q

what other things contain circular DNA

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

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14
Q

DNA is made of what bases; what are the two types; how are they paired

A

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine; purine (A,G) pyrimidine (C,T,U)

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15
Q

how is DNA dif from RNA

A

RNA contains uracil instead of thymine

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16
Q

define nucleoside

A

base with pentose sugar

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17
Q

DNA vs RNA in terms of ribose

A

DNA = base and deoxyribose; RNA = same and ribose

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18
Q

how are nucleotides joined together; describe the bond

A

phospho-di-ester bond; bond attaches 3’ carbon of one ribose to 5’ of next ribose

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19
Q

how do you distinguish bt 5’ and 3’ end (in terms of group)

A

5’ has free phosphate group; 3’ end has free hydroxyl group

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20
Q

DNA is synthesized in what direction

A

5 to 3

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21
Q

what is used to restrict replication of cancer

A

nucleoside analog

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22
Q

give the principle of nucleoside analog; give specific example

A

lack a 3’ hydroxyl group; AZT, which has N3

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23
Q

What’s the rule that says 1 to 1 ratio of pyrimidine to purine

A

Chargaff’s rule

24
Q

two strands are coiled around a common axis called

A

axis of symmetry

25
Q

what is the role of grooves

A

provide loading dock for DNA binding regulatory protein

26
Q

what are the dif structural forms of DNA

A

A means salt B means chromosomal Z means rare

27
Q

if DNA is stretched out it is x m long

28
Q

telo vs centro-mere

A

T is DNA near end of chromosome; C is near center of chrom

29
Q

polymerase purpose

A

synthesize complementary sequence of each strand

30
Q

look at outline

31
Q

ssDNA is destroyed via enzyme

32
Q

new strand is formed by what enzyme

A

DNA polymerase

33
Q

primase function; then function of product (involved in prokyarotic DNA replication)

A

makes RNA primer; this pairs to DNA template

34
Q

define primosome (prokaryotic DNA replication)

A

protein complex that displaces any proteins that have bound to unwound SS template like SSB

35
Q

describe DNA polymerase III (prok DNA replication)

A

DNA synthesis and mismatch repair

36
Q

Read: CFTR are either broken down or “”

37
Q

Peroxisomes rely on a chemical to do its work

A

H peroxide

38
Q

Peroxisome enzyme is; jobs

A

catalase; #1. inactivates toxic stuff by oxidizing them #2. breaks down excess H peroxide

39
Q

how are alcohol and drugs detoxified in the liver

A

catalase oxidizes them using H peroxide

40
Q

Peroxisome precursor vesicles arise from where

41
Q

nickname for citric acid cycle

A

oxidative phosphorylation

42
Q

”” thru ATP synthase to “”

A

IMM thru ATP synthase to matrix

43
Q

describe what a SNARE looks like

A

straight line

44
Q

describe REL bt Golgi and ER

A

ER to Golgi

45
Q

Order thru which vesicles pass thru Golgi

A

cis, medial, trans

46
Q

role of Dynamin

A

cause the coated pit to pinch off to form coated vesicle

47
Q

Golgi products are stored as what

A

secretory vesicles

48
Q

read: co-translational entry into ER is entry into ER as translation is occuring

49
Q

transmembrane proteins have a signal called; purpose of it

A

stop transfer signal; discharge protein into membrane

50
Q

exo vs endo nuclease

A

exo removes nucleotides at end of DNA; endo removes nt from middle

51
Q
  • telomere is rich in what base
  • function of telomere
  • telomerase
  • -kind of transcriptase
  • -kind of template
  • -function
A
  • DNA that is G rich (found on end of DNA)
  • protects ssDNA from nuclease
  • reverse transcriptase with RNA template, used to base pair with telomere
52
Q

how does UV light affect genes

A

UV light -> dimerization of pyrimidines (CT) -> interfere with gene expression

53
Q

what’s the protective reasoning behind nucleoside analog?

A

nucleotide lacks 3’ OH group -> phosphodiester bond cannot be added -> DNA strand cannot be elongated

54
Q

Read: prokaryotes are simple things
therefore they use one enzyme for multiple functions, to save energy
its DNA polymerase ALSO does the work of an exonuclease

55
Q

AT CG

which is 2 H bonds? which is 3?

A

AT - 2

CG - 3

Block 1 (16 decks)

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