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Block 1 > 10-1 (8.17.16) > Flashcards

10-1 (8.17.16) Flashcards

1
Q

cartilage is a/vascular

A

A

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2
Q

one type of cartilage is found on “” surface

A

articular

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3
Q

dif bt chondroblast and cyst

A

blast = immature, developing cartilage cell

cyst = mature

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4
Q

3 cartilage types

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

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5
Q

which type of cartilage is the most common

A

hyaline

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6
Q

fibrocartilage is fortified with what AND type #

A

collagen type 1

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7
Q

fibrocartilage is found where “” is needed

A

strength

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8
Q

50% of bone matrix is organic/in

A

organic

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9
Q

osteoclast is a type of (giant/tiny) cell

A

giant

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10
Q

how does OB become OC

A

osteoblast secretes osteoid -> OB entrapped in matrix = osteocyte

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11
Q

define osteoid

A

bone matrix

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12
Q

via appearance, how to tell apart OC and OB

A

OC has ruffled border

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13
Q

Around time of “”, secondary ossification centers appear in body

A

birth

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14
Q

in the long bones, a region of growing cartilage remains bt “” and “” -> this is called

A

epiphyses (end) and diaphysis (middle)

epiphyseal plate

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15
Q

when bone replaces cartilage this is “” ossification

A

endochondral

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16
Q

secondary bone = two configurations

A

compact

spongy

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17
Q

nicknames for compact (1)

”” for spongy (2)

A

compact: cortical
spongy: trabecular, cancellous

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18
Q

spongy is found where on the bone

A

on the ends of bone

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19
Q

Haversian system is only seen in “” bone

purpose

A

compact

unit of compact bone organization

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20
Q

Haversian canal contains what

A

vessels and nerves

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21
Q

3 main types of muscle

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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22
Q

REL of muscle and sarcolemma

A

1 muscle fiber is bound by S (plasma membrane)

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23
Q

A myofibril is made of “”

A

Series of sarcomere

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24
Q

What gives muscle its striated appearance

A

Sarcomere

25
Q

Where is actin and myosin myofilaments found

A

In sarcomere

26
Q

Match: thin thick actin myosin

A

Thin – actin

27
Q

Define T tubule

-plain def

A

Extension of sarcolemma into fiber at Z line of sarcomere

28
Q

SR def

A

Site of Ca release for

29
Q

which mec of Ca release is imp in cardiac muscle

A

Ca-induced Ca release

30
Q

ATP is required for uptake of Ca by pumps in “”

A

SR

31
Q

muscle cell backup system for supplying ATP

A

phosphocreatine + ADP -> ATP + creatine

32
Q

define rigor mortis

A

ATP stores are depleted -> muscles are fixed in contracted state (no ATP to release myosin heads)

33
Q

dif bt isoMETRIC and isoTONIC

A

met - generate tension; no change in length

ton - shorten muscle; no change in load

34
Q

series elastic component causes what

A

delay between AP and tension/shortening of muscle

35
Q

series elastic component promotes what kind of muscle movement

A

smooth mov

36
Q

speed of isotonic depends on

A

load being moved

37
Q

read: at max load, all crossbridges will be holding load, SO NONE avail for movem

A

-

38
Q

single AAP produces single “”

A

twitch

39
Q

train of AP at high freq (another name) produces

A

temporal summation produces tetanus

40
Q

”” is caused by accumulation of IC Ca

A

temporal summation

41
Q

motor unit def

A

1 motor neuron

all muscle fibers that it innervates

42
Q

def spatial summation

how does it occur

A

recruitment of many motor units

BY increase stimulus strength

43
Q

name 2 sensory receptors

A

muscle spindle

golgi tendon organ

44
Q

arrangement of intrafusal & extrafusal

A

intrafusal in parallel with EM

45
Q

i/extrafusal fibers produce force

A

extrafusal

46
Q

muscle spindle is e/i

A

intrafusal

47
Q

muscle spindle purpose

A

report muscle length AND rate of muscle stretch

48
Q

When muscle CONTRACTS, spindles become (taut/slack)

THEN

A

slack

efferent input says “shorten” to remain responsive

49
Q

Golgi tendon organ (what…aka where)

A

bare nerve endings

in tendon, near where tendon connects to muscle

50
Q

Golgi TO purp

A

report muscle force

51
Q

Pathway of Golgi TO

A

muscle contract -> tension in tendon changes GTO -> AP to brain

52
Q

Cardiac cells are striated (YES/NO)

A

yes

53
Q

REL of myosin, actin, ATP

A

ATP binds to myosin -> myosin and actin separate

54
Q

normal mode of contraction of skeletal muscle is a tetanus (YES or NO)

A

NO

55
Q

Most of Ca for smooth muscle comes from SR (yes or no)

A

NO

read: comes from outside the cell

56
Q

binding of “” to HCN channel causes channel to open at LESS “” voltages

in this case, get higher frequency of AP

A

cAMP

negative

57
Q

how does NE speed the heart

A

bind to beta adrenergic R

activate G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP

58
Q

parasympathetic example: “” released by vagus nerve SLOWS the heart by what

A

ACh

prolonging pacemaker potential phase

59
Q

ACh actiavtes “” R in SA node

A

muscarinic receptor

Block 1 (16 decks)

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