7.5 Antivirals And Vaccines Flashcards
Block specific steps in virus life cycle. Must be active against virus replications, but not normal cellular function to reduce toxicity
Antivirals
Enfuvirtide (HIV) blocks _____ to inhibit membrane fusion
Refolding of gp41
Amantadine and rimantadine (influenza) blocks influenza ion channel known as ____, preventing nucleocapsid release
M2
Nucleoside analogs are _____ terminators that prevent genome replication
Chain
____ was the first antiviral approved for clinical use because of it’s key hurdles of specificity and bioavailability. It is most effective against _____. It is like _____ inhibitors for these infections.
Acyclovir
HSV-1, HSV-2
Nucleoside
Antiviral that prevents genome replication. Effective against CMV, more toxic due to interference with cellular kinases.
Ganciclovir
Antiviral that prevents genome replication. Activity similar to acyclovir, improved oral bioavailabitiliy
Valganciclovir
Prevents genome replication. Herepesvirus treatment, prevents viral polymerase activity; IV administration; toxic
Foscarnet
Nucleoside inhibitor of RNA viruses. Many mechanisms
Ribavirin
Maturation of progeny viruses often requires ____ of virus polypeptide. Immature progeny are not ____. Example: ____
Cleavage
Infectious
Ritonavir (HIV treatment)
Antiviral Challenges:
- Bioavailability (absorption into body, transport to infection site, intake by cell)
- Specificity
- Toxicity
Natural antivirals. Discovered by Isaacs and Lindenmann. More effective against RNA viruses than DNA viruses.
Interferons
Term vaccination started with ____ with a publication of his findings for smallpox vaccination. Milkmaids who had cowpox were protected against smallpox.
Edward Jenner
Practice of inducing immunity to a pathogen.
Vaccination
Administering all or part of a pathogenic agent to induce antibodies or cell-mediated immunity.
Active Immunization
