11 Inflammation And Cell Trafficking

Question 1

A non-specific response to infection or injury that is characterized by enhanced accumulation of immune cells and plasma proteins

Answer 1

Inflammation

Question 2

What would happen to wound healing if the inflammatory response was blocked or delayed?

Answer 2

Wound healing would be delayed, leaving the wound open and vulnerable to infection

Question 3

List the 3 types of Proinflammatory cytokines:

Answer 3

1. TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor)
2. IL-1beta (Interleukin)
3. IL-6

Question 4

These inflammatory mediators can affect the brain to induce fever, affect the bone marrow to increase leukocyte production, and more.

Answer 4

Proinflammatory Cytokines

Question 5

Histamine release by mast cells is due to interaction with microbes, ligation of ____, or interaction with ___.

Answer 5

C5a

IgE

Question 6

This inflammatory mediator is derived from cell membrane phospholipids. It works in concert with histamine and bradykinin to cause vasodilation, redness, edema, and pain, but it is a tissue specific response.

Answer 6

Prostaglandins

Question 7

___ is a complement protein involved in monocyte/neutrophil recruitment.
___ and ___ can trigger mast cell degranulation.

Answer 7

C5a

C3a
C5a

Question 8

These cytokines are involved in turning off inflammation:

Answer 8

IL-10

TGF-beta (transforming growth factor)

Question 9

How do you stop Acute inflammation?

Chronic inflammation?

Answer 9

Acute- allow body to heal, ice, elevation, Abx for infection, NSAIDs

Chronic- Glococorticoid steroids, immunosuppressants, anti-leukotrienes, biologics

Question 10

General process of leukocyte movement from blood to tissue

Answer 10

Migration/Recruitment

Question 11

Low-affinity adhesion molecules involved in the early stages of leukocyte capture (slow the leukocyte down during rolling)

Answer 11

Selectins

Question 12

Adhesion molecules on leukocytes involved in later stages of leukocyte migration, can be low or high-affinity

Answer 12

Integrins

Question 13

List the 4 steps of how cells get to infection sites:

Answer 13

1. Rolling/Tethering (slows leukocyte down)
2. Integrin Activation by Chemokines (stronger binding)
3. Adherence
4. Migration thru endothelium (leukocyte rearranges its cytoskeleton and tight junctions loosen to squeeze thru)

Question 14

P-selectin and E-selectin molecules are both found on _____ cells.

L-selectin, LFA-1 (integrin), and VLA-4 (integrin) molecules are found on ____ cells.

Answer 14

Endothelial

Leukocyte

Question 15

____ocytes take a different route (not blood) to get to infection site.

Answer 15

Lymph