10 Intro Parasites

Question 1

Consequence of prolonged, repeated, or high burden parasitic infection. Usually subacute/chronic (exceptions: plasmodium falciparum [malaria] may be rapidly fatal, immunocompromised people)

Answer 1

Parasitic Disease

Question 2

Many parasitic infections are ____ (caused by agents that infect animals).

Many human parasites require human and nonhuman hosts to complete their life cycles because humans are ____ hosts (no parasite developmental stage)

Answer 2

Zoonoses

Dead-end

Question 3

Single-celled eukaryotes. Disease is consequence of parasite replication to high numbers (intracellular- RBCs, macrophages; extracellular- lumen of GI tract). Examples: Plasmodium, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Leishmania, Trypanosomes

Answer 3

Protozoa

Question 4

Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Giardia, Trichomonas, are examples of _____ protozoa. They tend to lack mitochondria and Golgi apparatus; reproduce by syngamy

Answer 4

Flagellated

Question 5

Plasmodium, toxoplasma Gondii, and cryptosporidium are examples of _____

Answer 5

Sporozoa (Produce sporozoites following sexual reproduction)

Question 6

Multicellular animals (roundworms, flatworms); extracellular; developmental stages take place outside of human (definitive hosts) in insect vectors or animal reservoirs (intermediate hosts). Reproduce sexually

Answer 6

Helminths (worms)

Question 7

Helminth disease is not a consquence of parasitic ____, rather parasitic ____

Answer 7

Replication

Burden (number of parasites host initially acquires from environment)

Question 8

Parasite vectors are usually

Answer 8

Arthropods

Question 9

Sources of parasites that do not participate directly in transmission.

Answer 9

Reservoirs

Question 10

Parasite Reservoirs include:

Answer 10

Humans (malaria, amoebae)
Animals (pigs/cattle - tapeworm)
Environment (soil-feces, water)

Question 11

Parasite Entry happens in 3 main ways:

Answer 11

1. Oral/ingestion (ascariasis, amebiasis)
2. Skin penetration (hookworm, schistosomes)
3. Arthropod-borne (bite wounds, very efficient-malaria)

Question 12

Parasite transmission contraints include dependence on parasitic life cycle and presence/absence of intermediate hosts. Schistosomiasis requires ____ and Malaria requires ____

Answer 12

Snails

Mosquitoes

Question 13

Hookworm (nematodes) may be able to reduce ____ and ____

Answer 13

Asthma

Allergic reactions

Question 14

Leishmania are flagellates transmitted by ____ which is why this disease is rare in ____ and has had outbreaks in ____

Answer 14

Sand flies (phlebotomus)

North America/Europe

Syria

Question 15

Caused by uncooked meat or cat feces. Can cause miscarriages and behavior changes (schizophrenia)

Answer 15

Toxoplasma Gondii

Question 16

Infected humans are the only reservoir for ____ (malaria) that infect humans. They invade and kill RBCs.

Answer 16

Plasmodium

Question 17

Trypanosoma Brucei (African sleeping sickness) is transmitted by ___ found in ___ (region)

Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease) is transmitted by ____ found in ____

Answer 17

Tsetse flies (glossina)
Africa

Kissing bug (reduviid)
Latin America/South US

Question 18

This lecture is NOT completely covered by flash cards.

Answer 18

Maybe check for study guides to fill in the rest.