7.4 Meiosis Flashcards
Meiosis
The process of splitting cells into new ones specifically for genetic variation
Homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes that have the same genes and are paired, but may have different alleles
Sister chromatids
Identical copies that make up a chromosome
Haploid
A cell with a single set of chromomes
Diploid
A cell with two sets of chromosomes
Gamete
A cell with 23 chromosomes, carrying one copy of each chromosome (joins with the other half mom+dad)
Crossing over
During prophase, chromosomes overlap and alleles jump from one to the other, creating variation
Somatic Cell
Any cell in the body other than reproductive cells.
Independent Assortment
Random assortment of chromosomes during creation of gametes.
Fertilization
the combination of two gametes coming together making up your 46 chromosomes.
Compare and contrast (variation): asexual vs sexual reproduction
Variation in sexual reproduction occurs by mutation, independent assortment, crossing over; while in asexual reproduction it only happens by mutation.
Prophase 1 in mitosis vs meiosis
In meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up, in mitosis they do not in prophase.
Metaphase; mitosis vs meiosis
Metaphase happens twice in meiosis, and the first time it happens it has double the chromosomes and tetrads are lined up instead of single paired chromosomes.
Anaphase; meiosis vs mitosis
The first time anaphase happens in meiosis, the tetrads get pulled apart and has double the ¨ingredients¨ that mitosis has.
Parent and daughter cells in Meiosis vs Mitosis
In mitosis, parent and daughter cells are genetically identical. In meiosis, the daughter cells are genetically different and variate from the parent cells with half of the chromosomes as the diploid parent cells.
