4.4 Mutation

Question 1

What is a mutation?

Answer 1

A change in base sequence in DNA

Question 2

What does mutation enable?

Answer 2

It enables things like cancer and other similar diseases, plus evolution in animals.

Question 3

What is a point mutation? What kinds are there?

Answer 3

A point mutation is a mutation where one base is replaced. There is point silent (codon redundancy makes it so the amino stays the same), point missense (the amino changes), point nonsense (the STOP codon triggers)

Question 4

What is a frame shift? What types of frame shift are there?

Answer 4

Insertion is where bases are added to the sequence. Deletion is when they get completed taken out of the sequence.

Question 5

What is the reading frame? Does anything happen to it in the process of mutation?

Answer 5

The reading frame is a three codon sequence that codes for an amino acid, and it will change in certain situations involving a frame shift.

Question 6

In translation, what types of RNA are there?

Answer 6

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 7

mRNA

Answer 7

Sends instructions to code for Amino Acids

Question 8

tRNA

Answer 8

Finds amino acids to the ribosome to be translated, resets itself and does it again

Question 9

rRNA

Answer 9

Helps create proteins.