7.2 Populations

Question 1

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Answer 1

A mathematical equation that can be used to calculate the populations allele frequency

Question 2

What does the Hardy-Weinberg Principle calculate

Answer 2

The populations allele frequency

Question 3

When the Hardy-Weinberg Principle was invented, what were the 2 things that the scientists understood

Answer 3

• Heterozygotes were a reservoir of variation because they contained both the dominant and recessive alleles
• Any characteristics the dominant allele is going to be expressed more often than the recessive allele

Question 4

In the Hardy-Weinberg Principle, what are the 5 assumptions about the population

Answer 4

• It’s large
• Has random mating
• Doesn’t experience any kind of selection so all alleles are equally likely to be passed on to the next generation
• Doesn’t have any mutations in the DNA
• It’s completely isolated so there is no immigration or emigration

Question 5

Define population

Answer 5

A group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same habitat at the same time

Question 6

Define Gene pool

Answer 6

The total number of alleles in a particular population at a specific time

Question 7

Define allele frequency

Answer 7

The number of times an allele occurs within the gene pool

Question 8

In the Hardy-Weinberg Principle, if all 5 assumptions are met, what should happen to the allele frequency of a population from generation to generation

Answer 8

Should remain the same

Question 9

What is the allele frequency equation from Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Answer 9

p+q=1

Question 10

What is the genotype frequency equation from the Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Answer 10

p^2 +2pq +q^2 = 1

Question 11

In the equations from the Hardy-Weinberg Principle, what do the letters stand for: p, q, p^2, q^2, 2pq

Answer 11

p- dominant allele
q- recessive allele
p^2- homozygous dominant
q^2 homozygous recessive
2pq heterozygous