2.1 Cell structure Flashcards
1
Q
The function of the nucleus
A
- Act as the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and tRNA and hence protein synthesis
- Retain the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA and chromosomes
- Manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomes
2
Q
The structural features of a nucleus
A
- Nuclear envelope
- Nuclear pores - allows large molecules out
- Nucleoplasm
- Chromosomes- consist of protein-bound, linear DNA
- Nucleolus - manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes
3
Q
The function of a mitochondrion
A
Site of aerobic respiration and produces ATP
4
Q
The structural features of a mitochondrion
A
- Double membrane
- Cristae
- Matrix
5
Q
The function of chloroplasts
A
Carry out photosynthesis
6
Q
Structural features of a chloroplast
A
- Chloroplast envelope
- Grana (stacks of thylakoids)
- Stroma
-Starch grains
7
Q
Function of RER
A
- Provide a large SA for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins
- Provides a pathway for the transport of materials throughout the cell
8
Q
Function of SER
A
- Synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates
9
Q
Function of Golgi body (5 things)
A
- Add carbohydrate to protein to form glycoproteins
- Produce secretory enzymes
- Secrete carbohydrates
- Transport, modify and store lipids
- Form lysosomes
10
Q
Function of lysosomes
A
- Hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytic cells
- Release enzymes to the outside of the cell (exocytosis)
- Digest worn out organelles (autophagy)
- Autolysis (completely break down cells )
11
Q
Function of ribosomes
A
Protein synthesis
12
Q
What ribosomes are found in animal cells
A
80S
13
Q
Where are 70S ribosomes found
A
Prokaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts
14
Q
Function of a cell wall
A
- Provide mechanical support from osmotic entry
- To provide mechanical support as a whole
- To allow water to pass along it
15
Q
What are cell walls of plants and algae made of
A
Cellulose
