7.2 New Data Collection Methods

Question 1

Collecting Data Methods

Answer 1

• Observation
• Self Report (interviewing or questionnaires)
• Collection of physiological data using standardized instruments or testing procedures
• Different approaches are influenced by the concept being studied and the ability for the researcher to standardize data collection procedures to increase accuracy and reduce measurement error

Question 2

Measurement Error

Answer 2

• Difference between what really exists and what is measured in the study

Random Error
- Scores vary in a random way when data collectors do not use standard procedures to collect data consistently among all subjects

Systematic Error
- Scores are incorrect but in the same direction
- All subjects were weighed using the same scale, but the scale was off by 3 lb for everyone.

Question 3

Construction of New Instruments

Answer 3

• New instruments are developed if no instrument exists for what is needed
• Once a new tool has been created psychometric testing must be completed and pilot study must be conducted
• Existing instruments used for different purposes or in different populations also require retests of the tools reliability (consistency) and validity (accuracy)