71 Neurological Emergencies Flashcards
1
Q
Pediatic Head Trauma
- What are the 7 most common reasons for this?
A
2
Q
CT Scans
- Why do you always use caution with pediatric patients?
A
3
Q
Pecarn Rule
- What is this used for?
- How sensitive is this?
A
4
Q
Concussion
- What is the definiton of this?
- Where does it rank on the GCS?
- What symptoms occur after?
- What is second impact syndrome, and what does it result in?
A
5
Q
Post Concussive Syndrome
- What symptoms do ppatients have?
- Is this more common in women or men?
- How long do symptoms last?
- Does this correlate with severity of injury?
- What will a CT scan show?
- What may develop from repated head trauma?
A
6
Q
Biomarker for Head Injury
- What protein is used?
- Where is found?
- What does it do?
- When is it releaed?
- How sensitive is this as a Dx tool?
- How specific is this as a Dx tool?
A
7
Q
Skull Fractures
- What kind of fractures are not signficant?
- Why would a leptomeningeal cyst develop?
- How big does a depressed fracture have to be in order to require surgery?
A
8
Q
Open and Depressed Skull Fracture
- What will you see on a CT?
- What will need to be done SURGICALY to prevent an infection?
- What about after the surgery?
A
9
Q
A
Basilar Skull Fracture
10
Q
Basilar Skull Fracture
- What bone is most commonly fractures?
- What other bones can be affected?
- What clinical signs show up? (3)
- What is this associated with?
A
Can lead to a CSF leak
11
Q
CSF Leak
- What is this a complication of?
- How often does it happen?
- What is a hallmark of CSF leak?
- What risk does a CSF leak have?
A
12
Q
What does this CT show?
A
13
Q
What does this CT show?
A
14
Q
What is shown on this CT?
A
Subdural Hematoma
15
Q
Subdural Hematoma
- How does this relate to aging?
- How long do bleeds take?
- What is notable about small hematomas?
- What is notable about large hematomas?
A
16
Q
Tx of Bleeding Disorders
- What do you need to do if patient has a brain bleed?
- What drugs fall under this category?
- How do you reverese them?
A
17
Q
Cushing’s Triad/Reflex
- What makes up this?
A
18
Q
Epidural Hematoma
- What strucutres does this occur between?
- What arteries are usualyl involved?
- What artery is the most commmon?
- What kind of fracture will tear this artery?
- What artery is the most commmon?
- How does arterial bleeding present?
- Why may some patients seek treatment when this occurs?
- What does surgery require?
A
19
Q
Epidural Hematoma
- How do you prevent herniation?
A
20
Q
Monro-Kellie Doctrine
- What does this state?
- Why does ICP rise?
- How can one provide pressure buffering during surgery?
A
21
Q
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
- What components make up this?
A
22
Q
ICP
- How do you measure it?
- What else can this device do?
- What is the goal for ICP?
- for CPP?
A
23
Q
Hyperventialation
- What molecule can make the cerebral blood vessells constrict/dialte?
A
24
Q
Hyperventialation
- What does an increase in PaCO2 do to cerebral blood vessels?
- What does a decrease in PaCO2 do to cerebral blood vessels?
- What chance in PaCO2 reduces ICP?
- How does this affect CCP?
- When is hyperventilation used treatment?
- What is the degree of PaCO2 change when this is done?
A
25
Q
Hyperventilation
- What device are patients with severe brain injury usually hooked up to?
- What drugs can redice ICP?
- How do control a patients minute ventilation via ventilator?
A
26
Q
ICP Control: Other
- Why is the head of the bead placed at 30 degrees?
- What do you avoid puttin gon the patient?
A
27
Q
Osmotic Therapy
- What two drugs/substances are used?
- What does this do to the content of the blood?
- What happens to the brain?
- What may happen initially?
A
28
Q
Hypothermia and TBI
- What evidence suppots this?
- What is the current standart of care?
- When can hyperthermia be used?
A
29
Q
Surgical Tx
- What are the indications for a craniotomy or burr hole?
- What are these not routinely done for?
- Decompressive Craniectomy
- What is this and why is it done?
A
30
Q
Antiseizure Meds
- When are these recommended? Why?
- What do these notably not do?
- What 3 drugs are recommened?
- What drug is used for acute cases?
A
31
Q
TBI w/ GCS less than 8
- Prognosis
- What is the risk of death?
- What percent of patients end up in a persistent vegetative state?
- What percent of patients end up recovering in 6 to 12 months? (Not full recovery)
A
32
Q
Preventing Secondary Brain Injury
- What three things need to be done?
A
33
Q
How do you tell the difference between epidural and subdural hematomas?
A
34
Q
A
