33 Neuroanatomy: Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Somatic Motor Column

• What are the 4 cranial nerve nuclei in this column?

Answer 1

Question 2

Somatic Motor Column

• Where is this column located relative to the midline and ventricular space?
• Lower Motor Neurons of the Nuclei in this column
  
  • What do kind of muscle do they innervate?
  • Where is the muscle derived from?
• Functional Component
  
  • Is this somatic or visceral?
  • Is this efferent or afferent?

Answer 2

Question 3

Parasympathetic Motor Column

• What are the 4 cranial nerve-related nuclei that this column includes?

Answer 3

Question 4

Parasympathetic Motor Column

• Where is this located, relative to the somatic motor column?
• What kind of axons does it give rise to?
• Functional Component
  
  • Does this have somatic or visceral innervation?
  • Does it have afferent or efferent innervation?

Answer 4

Question 5

Branchial Motor Column

• What are the 3 nuclei that this contains?

Answer 5

Question 6

Branchial Motor Column

• Where is this column located, relative to the medulla and pons tegmentum?
• Lower Motor Neurons
  
  • Wha embryonic layer did the muscles innervated by these muscles come from?
  • Are these somatic or visceral fibers?
  • Are these afferent or efferent?

Answer 6

Question 7

Visceral Sensory Column

• What track/nucleus is located here?
• What cranial nerves convey the taste/visceral sensations from salivary glands and abdominal/thoracic viscera that will eventually make be transmitted through this tract?
  
  • Where does taste info go in the solitary nucleus?
  • Where does all visceral sensory go in the solitary nucleus?
  • Where does the solitary tract sit, in relation to the medulla?

Answer 7

Question 8

Visceral Sensory Column

• What do all cranial nerves that return visceral afferent information to the brainstem form?
  
  • Where do all these fibers terminate?

Answer 8

Question 9

Special Somatic Sensory Column

• What are the 2 types of nuclei that reside here?
• Where is this located, relative to the solitary tract/nucleus?
• What nerve does it receive sensory input from?

Answer 9

Question 10

General Somatic Sensory Column

• This contains the nuclei of the trigeminal sensory system.
  
  • Where is this located, relative to the spinal cord-medulla junction?
  • Which nucleus is located in the lateral medulla and extends into the caudal pons?
  • Which nucleus is at the midpontine level?
  • Which nucleus begins at the rostral pons and extends to the lateral aspect of the periaqueductal gray of the midbrain?

Answer 10

Question 11

General Somatic Sensory Column

• Which two nuclei constitute the somatic sensory receiving center of the brainstem?
  
  • What do all somatic afferent pain thermal sensations enter after getting to the brainstem, and where do they all terminate?

Answer 11

Question 12

Hypoglossal Nerve

• The hypoglossal nerve exits the medulla as a series of rootles from the __________ sulcus.
• Does this supply the intrinsic or extrinsic tongue muscles?
  
  • What other muscles does it supply?
• Where is the hypoglossal nucleus located, relative to the hypoglossal trigone?
• What artery has branches that supply the nucleus of the hypoglossal?

Answer 12

Question 13

Accessory Nerve

• Where in the spinal cord do motor neurons arise that that form this nerve?
• This nerve enters the skill through the _______________, courses through the posterior cranial fossa, the exists teh skull via the ____________.
• What nerve briefly joins the accessory in the posterior cranial fossa?
• What muscles doe this nerve supply?

Answer 13

Question 14

Vagus Nerve: Motor Components

• Where does the vagus nerve exit the medulla?
• What kind of innervation does the dorsal motor vagal nucleus contain?
• The pharyngeal constrictors, intrinsic laryngeal muscles, palatine, and upper esophageal muscles are all innervated by somatic gibers from what nucleus?

Answer 14

Question 15

Vagus Nerve: Sensory Components

• What 3 areas do somatic sensations come from?
  
  • Where are the primary cell bodies located?
  • Where are the secondary cell bodies located?
• What 3 areas visceral sensations come from?
  
  • Where are the primary cell bodies located?
  • Where are the secondary cell bodies located?
• Taste sensations from the epiglottis and base of tongue have the same trajectory as visceral afferents, accept their secondary bodies are located in a different nucleus. What is the name of this nucleus?

Answer 15

Question 16

Glossopharyngeal Nerve: Motor Components

• Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the medulla?
• What nucleus contains the visceral aka parasympathetic motor fibers that extend to the otic ganglion? What gland does this innervation eventually control?
• What muscle does the nucleus ambiguous control via that is related to the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 16

Question 17

Glossopharyngeal Nerve: Motor Components

• What 3 areas has somatic innervation from this nerve?
  
  • Where are the primary cell bodies located?
  • Where are the secondary cell bodies located?
• What 3 areas has visceral innervation from this nerve?
  
  • Where are the primary cell bodies located?
  • Where are the secondary cell bodies located?
• Taste sensation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue follows the same trajectory as visceral sensations, except the secondary cell bodies are located in a different nucleus. What is the name of this nucleus?

Answer 17

Question 18

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

• Where does this emerge from the brainstem?
• Cochlear Division
  
  • Where are the primary neurons located?
  • How does information get from the cochlear nuclei to the auditory cortex?
• Vestibular Divisions
  
  • Where are the primary neurons located

Answer 18

Question 19

Facial Nerve: Motor Components

• Where does this nerve emerge from the brainstem?
  
  • What path do these fibers take before exiting the brainstem, relative to the abducens nucleus?
  • What nucleus sends parasympathetic gibers to join this nerve?
• What 2 ganglia do these fibers synapse with, and what does each ganglion innervate?

Answer 19

Question 20

Facial Nerve: Sensory Components

• What part of the tongue does nerve provide taste sensations for?
  
  • Where are the primary cell bodies for this?
  • What tract do fibers follow to get to the secondary cell bodies, and where are the secondary cell bodies located?
• Visceral Sensations
  
  • What 2 glands and what 2 mucous membranes doe this provide innervation for?
  • Where are the primary cell bodies for this?
  • What tract do fibers follow to get to the secondary cell bodies, and where are the secondary cell bodies located?
• Somatic Sensations
  
  • What 2 regions does this provide somatic sensation for?
  • Where are the primary cell bodies for this?
  • What tract do fibers follow to get to the secondary cell bodies, and where are the secondary cell bodies located?

Answer 20

Question 21

Abducens Nerve

• Where is this nerve located, relative to the pons-medulla junction?
• Where is the abducens nucleus located, relative to the facial colliculus?
  
  • What kind of neurons does this nucleus contain?
  • What muscle does this nerve innervate?
• What structure connects the abducens nucleus and the contralateral oculomotor neurons?

Answer 21

Question 22

Trigeminal Nerve

• Where does this nerve exit the brainstem?
• Sensory Root vs Motor Root
  
  • Which root is larger?
  • Which one bypasses the trigeminal ganglion?
• What muscles does the trigeminal nerve innervate?

Answer 22

Question 23

Sensory Trigeminal Nuclei

• What are the 3 nuclei that this consists of?
  
  • Give the general location for each nuclei in the brainstem
  • Which one contains the 3 “pars”?

Answer 23

Question 24

Trigeminal Nerve: Sensory Component

• Where do the primary sensory fibers of the face have their cell bodies located?
• Fibers for pain, temperature, and crude touch
  
  • What track do these contribute to?
  • Where are their secondary cell bodies?
    
    • How is this different for fibers that convey fine touch?
• Fibers for proprioception
  
  • What muscles/ligament have proprioceptive fibers that have their primary cell bodies in the mesencephalic nucleus?
  • Where are the secondary neuron cell bodies located for these tracts?

Answer 24

Question 25

Jaw Jerk Reflex

• How do you test this?
  
  • What is a normal reflex?
• Afferent Limb Information
  
  • What nucleus is this information transmitted to before being conveyed to the trigeminal motor nucleus?
  • What happens after the trigeminal motor nucleus receives this afferent information?

Answer 25

Question 26

Trochlear Nerve

• Does this exit the ventral midbrain or the dorsal midbrain?
• What muscle does it innervate?
• What happens to the somatic motor neurons from the trochlear nuclei before exiting the midbrain?
• What part of the eye field is an important source of cerebral cortical input for the trochlear nuclei?
  
  • Describe this pathway

Answer 26

Question 27

Oculomotor Nerve

• Where is this located within the periaqueductal grey?
• Edinger-Westphal Nuclei (2)
  
  • Which nuclei project to the brainstem and spinal centers?
  • Which nuclei has parasympathetic fibers that project to the ciliary ganglion?
  • Which nuclei is involved with behaviors such as stress, eating, and drinking?

Answer 27

Question 28

Optic and Olfactory Nerves

• Just know these pathways

Answer 28