57 Physiology: Smell and Taste

Question 1

Olfactory Epithelium Cells

• Supporting cells
  
  • What kind of epithelial cell are these?
  • What are the lined with?
  • What are they filled with

Answer 1

Question 2

Olfactory Epithelium Cells

• Basal Cells
  
  • Where are these located in the olfactory epithelium?
  • How do these contribute to the number of olfactory receptor cells?

Answer 2

Question 3

Olfactory Epithelium Cells

• Are these primary efferent or primary afferent neurons?
• What are these cells the site of?
• What must the axons of these neurons pass through before getting to the olfactory?

Answer 3

Question 4

Olfactory Transduction

• What are the 5 steps in olfactory transduction?

Answer 4

Question 5

Encoding Olfactory Stimuli

• We know 4 basic things about how olfactory stimuli is encoding/interpreted. What are they?

Answer 5

Question 6

Olfactory Pathways

• What are the 1st order neurons of the olfactory system?
• What are the 2nd order neurons of the olfactory system?
  
  • What are clusters of synapses on these cells called?

Answer 6

Question 7

Olfactory Pathways

• Mitral Cells
  
  • What are the interneurons that are also located in the olfactory bulb?
    
    • Are these inhibitory or excitatory?
    • What is the purpose of this signal?

Answer 7

Question 8

Olfactory Pathways

• Mitral Cells
  
  • What happens to the projections of these cells as they approach the brain?
  • Which olfactory tract projects to the primary olfactory cortex?
  • Which olfactory tract projects to the anterior commissure?
  • Which olfactory tract projects to the contralateral olfactory bulb?

Answer 8

Question 9

What nucleus in the thalamus is associated with the olfactory system?

Answer 9

Question 10

What is Kallmann Syndrome?

Answer 10

Question 11

What structure receives innervation from the olfactory tract and is also involved in interpreting aversion stimuli?

Answer 11

Amygdala

Question 12

Olfaction Disorders

• Define the following
  
  • Hyperosmia
  • Dysosmia
  • Anosmia
    
    • Congenital Anosmia
  • Hyposmia/Hypesthesia

Answer 12

Question 13

Taste

• What is a tastant?
• What are the 5 elements of taste?
  
  • Which one includes monosodium glutamate?

Answer 13

Question 14

Taste Disorders

• Define each of the following
  
  • Ageusia
  • Hypogeusia
  • Hypergeusia
  • Dysgeusia

Answer 14

Question 15

Taste Buds

• What are the 4 areas of the body that have taste buds?
  
  • Where are taste papillae?

Answer 15

Question 16

Structure of Taste Papillae

• What papillae is this?
• What is notable about the size and density of these?
• Where are they located on the tongue?
• What are cranial nerves are the innervated by?

Answer 16

Question 17

Structure of Taste Papillae

• What papillae is this?
• Where are they located on the tongue?
• Where are the taste buds located within the papillae?

Answer 17

Question 18

Structure of Taste Papillae

• What papillae is this?
• Where are they located on the tongue?
  
  • Where do they have the highest density?
• How many taste buds are located within the papillae?
• Why do they appear as red spots on the tongue?
• What nerve innervates their taste cells?

Answer 18

Question 19

What 2 substances are interpreted to taste bitter?

Answer 19

Question 20

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Question 21

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Question 22

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Question 23

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Question 24

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Question 25

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Question 26

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Question 27

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Question 28

Answer 28