57 Physiology: Smell and Taste Flashcards
1
Q
Olfactory Epithelium Cells
- Supporting cells
- What kind of epithelial cell are these?
- What are the lined with?
- What are they filled with
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2
Q
Olfactory Epithelium Cells
- Basal Cells
- Where are these located in the olfactory epithelium?
- How do these contribute to the number of olfactory receptor cells?
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3
Q
Olfactory Epithelium Cells
- Are these primary efferent or primary afferent neurons?
- What are these cells the site of?
- What must the axons of these neurons pass through before getting to the olfactory?
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4
Q
Olfactory Transduction
- What are the 5 steps in olfactory transduction?
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5
Q
Encoding Olfactory Stimuli
- We know 4 basic things about how olfactory stimuli is encoding/interpreted. What are they?
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6
Q
Olfactory Pathways
- What are the 1st order neurons of the olfactory system?
- What are the 2nd order neurons of the olfactory system?
- What are clusters of synapses on these cells called?
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7
Q
Olfactory Pathways
- Mitral Cells
- What are the interneurons that are also located in the olfactory bulb?
- Are these inhibitory or excitatory?
- What is the purpose of this signal?
- What are the interneurons that are also located in the olfactory bulb?
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8
Q
Olfactory Pathways
- Mitral Cells
- What happens to the projections of these cells as they approach the brain?
- Which olfactory tract projects to the primary olfactory cortex?
- Which olfactory tract projects to the anterior commissure?
- Which olfactory tract projects to the contralateral olfactory bulb?
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9
Q
What nucleus in the thalamus is associated with the olfactory system?
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10
Q
What is Kallmann Syndrome?
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11
Q
What structure receives innervation from the olfactory tract and is also involved in interpreting aversion stimuli?
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Amygdala
12
Q
Olfaction Disorders
- Define the following
- Hyperosmia
- Dysosmia
- Anosmia
- Congenital Anosmia
- Hyposmia/Hypesthesia
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13
Q
Taste
- What is a tastant?
- What are the 5 elements of taste?
- Which one includes monosodium glutamate?
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14
Q
Taste Disorders
- Define each of the following
- Ageusia
- Hypogeusia
- Hypergeusia
- Dysgeusia
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15
Q
Taste Buds
- What are the 4 areas of the body that have taste buds?
- Where are taste papillae?
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16
Q
Structure of Taste Papillae
- What papillae is this?
- What is notable about the size and density of these?
- Where are they located on the tongue?
- What are cranial nerves are the innervated by?
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17
Q
Structure of Taste Papillae
- What papillae is this?
- Where are they located on the tongue?
- Where are the taste buds located within the papillae?
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18
Q
Structure of Taste Papillae
- What papillae is this?
- Where are they located on the tongue?
- Where do they have the highest density?
- How many taste buds are located within the papillae?
- Why do they appear as red spots on the tongue?
- What nerve innervates their taste cells?
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19
Q
What 2 substances are interpreted to taste bitter?
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