40 Microbiology: Eye Infections

Question 1

Immune Privilege

• What 4 factors combine to limit the immune response in the eye?

Answer 1

Question 2

ACAID

• What is ACAID?
• What cells show an increased induction?
• Is this normal?

Answer 2

Question 3

Definitions

• What are the 4 main types of infections to the external structures of the eye?
• What are the 3 main types of infections to the internal structures of the eye?

Answer 3

Question 4

Conjunctivitis

• What is the most common cause of this?
  
  • What is the most common in neonates?

Answer 4

Question 5

Conjunctivitis

• In the following age groups or symptoms, what is more common: viral or bacterial conjunctivitis?
  
  • Younger than 12
  • Older than 12
  • Purulence

Answer 5

Question 6

Conjunctivitis

• What are the 2 main types of epidemiology for this?
• Transmission
  
  • How do people get this?
• Dx
  
  • What test is used?

Answer 6

Question 7

Viral Conjunctivitis: Adenovirus

• Corticosteroids
  
  • Why should you hesitate when using this to treat this?
• What happens when healthcare workers get this?

Answer 7

Question 8

Viral Conjunctivitis: Adenovirus

• What is follicular conjunctivitis?
  
  • What are follicles made of?
  • What other viruses can cause this? (3)
  • What os PCF?

Answer 8

Question 9

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

• What serotypes of adenovirus cause this?
• Where are infiltrates located?
• What type of symptoms can occur?
• What is seen on the eye?
• Are both eyes involved?

Answer 9

Question 10

Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis

• What 3 viruses can cause this?
• Where does the hemorrhage occur?
• How does this present?
• What can happen if:
  
  • The infection does not go away in 5-7 days
  • Steroids are used for treatment
• Why does this occur
• Who has the highest risk for this?
• How do you treat this?

Answer 10

Question 11

Ophthalmia neonaturom: Chlamydia Trachomatis

• How do neonates get this?
• How does this present
• When are do signs/symptoms start?
• Do mothers have to be positive for an infection for neonates to get this?
• Of infected infants
  
  • How many have a subclinical infection?
  • How many get conjunctivitis?
  • How many develop pneumonia?
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  
  • This can also cause Ophthalmia neonaturom.
  • When does it present?
  • Do mothers have to be positive for an infection for neonates to get this?
  • Does this usually occur in both eyes?
  • How do you treat it?

Answer 11

Question 12

Chlamydia Trachomatis

• How many serotypes cause conjunctivitis?
  
  • How common is this?
• What other condition can this cause?
• How does this organism avoid being washed away by tears?

Answer 12

Question 13

What is the most important eye infection globally?

Answer 13

Question 14

Trachoma

• How does trachoma cause blindness?
• What kind inflammation occurs?
• How can this be prevented?
• How does this infect neonates?

Answer 14

Question 15

Trachoma

• What are the WHO guidelines for trachoma?

Question 16

Keratitis

• What 2 viruses can cause this?
• What nerve is implicated?
• What can happen to cornea?

Answer 16

Question 17

Keratitis

• When is a central corneal ulcer considered an emergency?
• Bacterial keratitis
  
  • This is rare unless what layer of cells is breached?
  • What 2 organisms can cause this?
  • Which one is associated with contact use?
• Fungal keratitis
  
  • What organism is associated with this?
    
    • Where does it live
  • Why would you suspect this?
• Amoebic keratitis

Answer 17

Question 18

Orbital Cellulitis

• What tissue does this infect?
• What type of infection precedes 90% if infections
• Is this an emergency?
• What 2 organisms usually cause this?
  
  • What about in unvaccinated patients?
  • What about in aids patients?
  • What about when a patient did not have a previous sinusitis infection ?
• When does this usually occur?

Answer 18

Question 19

Blephartis

• What do patients feel in their eye?
• What does the eye look like?
• What do the eyelashes look like?
  
  • What is the loss of eyelashes called?
    *

Answer 19

Question 20

Blepharitis

• What bacteria can cause this?
• What 3 types of viruses can cause this?
  
  • Which one is associated with children under 5?
  • Which is associated with AIDS patients?
  • How do viral cases typically present?

Answer 20

Question 21

Blepharitis

• What kind of mites can cause this?

Answer 21

Question 22

Styes

• What is another name for these?
  
  • What external gland is implicated?
  • What internal gland is implicated?
• What is a chalazion?
  
  • What gland is it associated with?

Answer 22

Question 23

Toxoplasma gondii

• How can this protozoan cause blindness?

Answer 23

Question 24

Toxocara canis

• What animal is this worm associated with?
• Why does it cause blindness?
• How do you treat it?

Answer 24

Question 25

What is this?

Answer 25

Toxocara canis

Question 26

River Blindness

• What parasite causes this?
  
  • What transmits this parasite?
• How do the larvae get into the eyes?
• Where is this common?
• What can the inflammatory response do?

Answer 26