700 Flashcards
extract
/ɪkˈstrækt/
to remove or obtain a substance from something
lấy ra, rút ra
Ví dụ:
a machine that extracts excess moisture from the air
to extract essential oils from plants
extraterrestrial
/ˌekstrətəˈrestriəl/
(coming from) outside the planet Earth
Ngoài trái đất, ngoài bầu khí quyển
Ví dụ:
extraterrestrial beings
extreme
/ɪkˈstriːm/
the largest possible amount or degree of something
Giới hạn tuyệt đối
Cực, thái cực, mức cùng cực.
Ví dụ:
I’ve never witnessed such extremes of wealth and poverty.
Most people I know work fairly hard but she takes it to extremes.
fabric
/ˈfæbrɪk/
cloth or material for making clothes, covering furniture, etc
Vải ((thường) texile
Ví dụ:
silk and woollen fabrics — hàng tơ lụa và len dạ
facility
/fəˈsɪləti/
a place, especially including buildings, where a particular activity happens
phương tiện, cơ sở, thiết bị
để phục vụ cho mục đích gì đó (học tập, thư giãn, công việc
)
Ví dụ:
shopping/banking/cooking facilities
The hotel has special facilities for welcoming disabled people.
fact
/fækt/
a thing that is known to be true, especially when it can be proved
Sự thật
Ví dụ:
No decision will be made until we know all the facts.
He knew for a fact that Natalie was lying.
It’s sometimes hard to separate fact from fiction.
factor
/ˈfæktər/
a part or element that contributes to a result
nhân tố
Ví dụ:
Heavy snow was a contributing factor in the accident.
factual
/ˈfæktʃuəl/
based on or containing facts
(Thuộc) Sự thực; căn cứ trên sự thực; thực sự, có thật
Ví dụ:
She gave a clear, factual account of the attack to the police
fair
/fer/
a large public event where goods are bought and sold, usually from tables that have been specially arranged for the event, and where there is often entertainment
Hội chợ, chợ phiên
Ví dụ:
I bought a wooden salad bowl at the local craft fair
faith
/feɪθ/
great trust or confidence in something or someone
Sự tin tưởng, sự tin cậy
Niềm tin.
Ví dụ:
She has no faith in modern medicine.
You’ll cope - I have great faith in you.
fame
/feɪm/
the state of being known or recognized by many people because of your achievements, skills, etc
Tiếng tăm, danh tiếng, danh thơm, tên tuổi
Ví dụ:
She first rose to fame as a singer at the age of 16.
The town’s only claim to fame is that there was once a riot there
She went to Hollywood in search of fame and fortune
famous
/ˈfeɪməs/
known and recognized by many people
Nổi tiếng, nổi danh
Ví dụ:
a famous actress/building
Marie Curie is famous for her contribution to science.
a city famous for its nightlife
far-flung
/ˌfɑːr ˈflʌŋ/
used to refer to places that are a great distance away, or something that is spread over a very large area:
Xa, rộng, trải rộng bao la.
Ví dụ:
She has travelled to the most far-flung corners of the world.
fascinating
/ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/
extremely interesting and attractive
Làm mê, làm say mê, quyến rũ
Ví dụ:
The book offers a fascinating glimpse of the lives of the rich and famous.
I found the whole movie fascinating.
fascination
/ˌfæsɪˈneɪʃn/
a very strong attraction, that makes something very interesting
Sự mê hoặc, sự quyến rũ
Ví dụ:
London has a fascination all of its own.
The fascination of the game lies in trying to guess what your opponent is thinking.
fatal
/ˈfeɪtl/
causing or ending in death
làm nguy hiểm đến tính mạng, chí tử, làm chết, đưa đến chỗ chết, đem lại cái chết
Ví dụ:
This illness is fatal in almost all cases.
If she gets ill again it could prove fatal.
fatality
/fəˈtæləti/
a death caused by an accident or by violence
someone who has died in either of these ways
Sự bất hạnh, sự rủi ro, tai ương
(con số thương vong)
Ví dụ:
Several people were injured, but there were no fatalities.
a campaign to reduce the number of fatalities on the roads
fatherhood
/ˈfɑːðərhʊd/
the state or time of being a father
việc làm cha, cương vị làm cha, thời gian làm cha
Ví dụ:
Fatherhood is a lifelong responsibility.
fauna
/ˈfɔːnə/
all the animals that live wild in a particular area
Hệ động vật
Ví dụ:
While she was in Hawaii, she studied the local flora and fauna
(specialist) land and marine faunas
favour
/ˈfeɪvər/
to support or prefer one particular thing
to give an advantage to someone or something, in an unfair way
Thích dùng (thứ áo, giày
nào đó) hơn các thứ khác cùng loại
Ưu đãi, biệt đãi, chiếu cố, thiên vị,ủng hộ (ai)
Ví dụ:
I generally favour travelling by night, when the roads are quiet
She always felt that her parents favoured her brother.
feasible
/ˈfiːzəbl/
able to be made, done, or achieved
Khả thi, có thể thực hành được, có thể thực hiện được, có thể làm được
Ví dụ:
With the extra resources, the project now seems feasible.
It’s just not feasible to manage the business on a part-time basis.
feat
/fiːt/
an action or a piece of work that needs skill, strength or courage
Kỳ công, chiến công
Ngón điêu luyện, ngón tài ba.
Ví dụ:
The Eiffel Tower is a remarkable feat of engineering.
She performed remarkable feats of organization for the company.
a feat of arms — chiến công
a feat of arcrobatics — ngón biểu diễn nhào lộn điêu luyện
feather
/ˈfeðər/
one of the many soft light parts covering a bird’s body
lông vũ (của các loài chim)
Ví dụ:
a peacock feather
a feather pillow (= one containing feathers)
feature
/ˈfiːtʃər/
a typical quality or an important part of something
Nét đặc biệt, điểm đặc trưng
Ví dụ:
The town’s main features are its beautiful mosque and ancient marketplace.
Our latest model of phone has several new features.
A unique feature of these rock shelters was that they were dry.
feedstock
/ˈfiːdstɒk/
material that is used in an industrial process
Nguyên liệu cấp cho máy để chế biến
Ví dụ:
The company has started recycling plastic waste as feedstock in its iron furnaces.
fellow
/ˈfeloʊ/
(informal, becoming old-fashioned) a way of referring to a man or boy
Người, người ta; ông bạn; thằng cha, gã, anh chàng
Ví dụ:
He seemed like a decent fellow
He’s a nice old fellow.
feminine
/ˈfemənɪn/
having the qualities or appearance considered to be typical of women; connected with women
nữ tính,yểu điệu dịu dàng, bánh bèo
Ví dụ:
That dress makes you look very feminine.
The current style in evening wear is soft, romantic, and feminine.
femininity
/ˌfeməˈnɪnəti/
the fact of being a woman; the qualities that are considered to be typical of women
vẻ nữ tính
–
ferry
/ˈferi/
a boat or ship that carries people, vehicles and goods across a river or across a narrow part of the sea
phà
Ví dụ:
We’re going to the Channel Islands by/on the ferry
We took the ferry to Calais.
fertile
/ˈfɜːrtl/
(of land or soil) that plants grow well in
Tốt, màu mỡ (đất)
Ví dụ:
In order to turn the deserts into fertile and productive land, engineers built an 800-mile canal.
Organic farmers don’t put chemicals into the soil, but keep it fertile by growing clover and adding manure.
fertilizer
/ˈfɜːrtəlaɪzər/
a natural or chemical substance that is spread on the land or given to plants, to make plants grow well
Phân bón (tự nhiên hoặc tổng hợp)
Ví dụ:
organic fertilizer
a liquid/chemical fertilizer
a bag of fertilizerHe spread fertilizer on the field with a rake.
field
/fiːld/
a particular subject or activity that somebody works in or is interested in
[synonym] area
Lĩnh vực (hoạt động), phạm vi (nghiên cứu)
Ví dụ:
famous in the field of music
I enjoy meeting people in other fields of business.
filth
/fɪlθ/
any very dirty and unpleasant substance
Rác rưởi, rác bẩn
Ví dụ:
The floor was covered in grease and filth.
fine
/faɪn/
a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule
Tiền phạt
Ví dụ:
a parking fine
Offenders will be liable to a heavy fine (= one that costs a lot of money).
Under the new law, motorists face fines of up to £1 000.
She has already paid over $2 000 in fines.
firm
/fɜːrm/
a business or company
Hãng, công ty
Ví dụ:
She hired afirmof private detectives to follow him
She set up her own softwarefirm.
fivefold
/ˈfaɪv. foʊld/
five times as big or as much
Gấp năm lần
Ví dụ:
a fivefold rise in share prices
flat
/flæt/
uk (us [apartment]) a set of rooms for living in that are part of a larger building and are usually all on one floor
Căn phòng, căn buồng, căn hộ
Ví dụ:
a block of flats
They have a house in the country and a flat in Manchester.
flaunt
/flɔːnt/
to show something you are proud of to other people, in order to impress them
He did not believe in [flaunting] his wealth.
She openly [flaunted] herwealth.
Ví dụ:
Khoe khoang, phô trương, chưng diện.
fleet
/fliːt/
a group of military ships commanded by the same person
Đội tàu, hạm đội.
Đội máy bay, phi đội.
Ví dụ:
a fleet of destroyers
Nelson destroyed the Franco-Spanish fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar
flexibility
/ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/
the quality of being able to change or be changed easily according to the situation
Tính linh động, tính linh hoạt
Ví dụ:
Computers offer a much greater degree of flexibility in the way work is organized.
An overdraft provides increased flexibility but at a higher cost.
flexible
/ˈfleksəbl/
able to change or be changed easily according to the situation
Ví dụ:
My schedule is flexible - I could arrange to meet with you any day next week
Linh động, linh hoạt.
flight
/flaɪt/
a journey made by air, especially in a plane
Sự bay; chuyến bay
Ví dụ:
We met on a flight from London to Paris.
All flights between New York and Washington have been cancelled due to fog.
flora
/ˈflɔːrə/
All the plants of a particular place or from a particular time in history
Hệ thực vật (của một vùng)
Ví dụ:
the flora of the Balearic Islands
Stone Age flora
flourish
/ˈflɜːrɪʃ/
to develop quickly and be successful or common
[synonym] thrive
Hưng thịnh, thịnh vượng, phát đạt; thành công; phát triển, mọc sum sê (cây
)
Ví dụ:
Few businesses are flourishing in the present economic climate.
There was a flourishing black market.
fluctuate
/ˈflʌktʃueɪt/
to change frequently in size, amount, quality, etc
, especially from one extreme to another
dao động, lên xuống, thay đổi bất thường
Ví dụ:
During the crisis, oil prices fluctuated between $20 and $40 a barrel
fluctuation
/ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn/
a situation in which prices, levels or interest rates go up and down
Sự dao động, sự lên xuống, sự thay đổi bất thường.
Ví dụ:
wild fluctuations in interest rates
the constant fluctuation of oil prices
fluency
/ˈfluːənsi/
the quality of being able to speak or write a language easily and well
sự lưu loát, sự trôi chảy (ngoại ngữ)
Ví dụ:
Fluency in French is required for this job.
fluent
/ˈfluːənt/
able to speak, read or write a language, especially a foreign language, easily and well
(ngoại ngữ) thành thạo, lưu loát, nói/viết trôi chảy
Ví dụ:
‘Can he speak German?’ ‘Yes, he’s fluent
’
fluid
/ˈfluːɪd/
≈(of movements, designs, music, etc
) smooth and elegant
[synonym]flowing
(chuyển động) mượt mà, thanh thoát, uyển chuyển cứ như là chất lỏng
Ví dụ:
(of movements, designs, music, etc
) smooth and elegant
synonymflowing
fluidity
/fluˈɪdəti/
the quality of being likely to change repeatedly and unexpectedly
Tính lưu động; tính linh động (như nước)
Ví dụ:
the fluidity of the political situation
the fluidity of human behaviour
fluorescent
/ˌflʊˈresnt/
Huỳnh quang
Ví dụ:
a fluorescent lamp (= one that uses such a substance)
fluorescent lighting
foliage
/ˈfoʊliɪdʒ/
the leaves of a tree or plant; leaves and branches together
(Thực vật học) Tán lá, vòm lá
Ví dụ:
The dense foliage overhead almost blocked out the sun
following
/ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/
next in time
that is/are going to be mentioned next
Tiếp theo, sau đó, sau đây
Ví dụ:
They arrived on Monday evening and we got there the following day
Answer the following questions.
food groups
/ˈfuːd ˌɡruːp/
collections of foods that share similar nutritional properties or biological classifications
Ví dụ:
There are five major food groups: carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin and mineral
forage
/ˈfɔːrɪdʒ/
to go from place to place searching for things that you can eat or use
đi lang thang đây đó để lục lọi tìm kiếm đồ ăn
Ví dụ:
The children had been living on the streets, foraging for scraps.
The pigs foraged in the woods for acorns.
The chef offers special dishes of wild and foraged foods, including wood pigeon and snails.
forefront
/ˈfɔːrfrʌnt/
in an important or leading position in a particular group or activity
ở vị trí hàng đầu
Ví dụ:
His team is at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines
Women have always been at the forefront of the Green movement.
foresee
/fɔːrˈsiː/
to know about something before it happens
Nhìn thấy trước, dự kiến trước, đoán trước, biết trước
Ví dụ:
We do not foresee any problems
The extent of the damage could not have been foreseen
No one could have foreseen (that) things would turn out this way.
foresight
/ˈfɔːrsaɪt/
the ability to predict what is likely to happen and to use this to prepare for the future
Sự thấy trước, sự nhìn xa thấy trước; sự lo xa
Ví dụ:
She had had the foresight to prepare herself financially in case of an accident.
The government’s policies show a remarkable lack of foresight.
formerly
/ˈfɔːrmərli/
in the past
Trước đây, thuở xưa.
Ví dụ:
The European Union was formerly called the European Community
I learnt that the house had formerly been an inn.
formulaic
/ˌfɔːrmjuˈleɪɪk/
made up of fixed patterns of words or ideas
Có tính cách công thức
Ví dụ:
Traditional stories make use of formulaic expressions like ‘Once upon a time…’
The text was dull and formulaic.
fortunately
/ˈfɔːrtʃənətli/
happening because of good luck
[synonym] luckily
May mắn, may thay
Ví dụ:
Fortunately, we got home before it started to rain.
I was late, but fortunately the meeting hadn’t started.
Fortunately for him, he was very soon offered another job.
fossil fuel
/ˈfɑːsl fjuːəl/
fuel such as coal or oil, that was formed over millions of years from the remains of animals or plants
nhiên liệu hoá thạch (dầu mỏ, khí đổt, than đá, v
v
)
Ví dụ:
Carbon dioxide is produced in huge amounts when fossil fuels are burned.
Gas is the only fossil fuel without environmental problems.
fountain
/ˈfaʊntn/
a stream of water that is forced up into the air through a small hole, especially for decorative effect, or the structure in a lake or pool from which this flows
Suối nước, nguồn sông
Vòi nước, vòi phun (công viên).
Ví dụ:
They also sell garden ornaments such as statues and fountains
fraction
/ˈfrækʃn/
a small part or amount of something
(Toán học) Phân số.
Phần nhỏ, miếng nhỏ.
Ví dụ:
Only a small fraction of a bank’s total deposits will be withdrawn at any one time.
She hesitated for the merest fraction of a second.
He raised his voice a fraction.
fracture
/ˈfræktʃər/
break or crack
Bẻ gây, làm gây, làm đứt đoạn
Gãy, rạn, nứt.
Ví dụ:
A fractured pipe at a steelworks has leaked 20 tons of oil into the Severn estuary
frame
/freɪm/
the basic structure of a building, vehicle, or piece of furniture that other parts are added onto
khung, sườn, cấu trúc, cơ cấu
Ví dụ:
the frame of an aircraft/a car/a bicycle
The bed frame is made of pine.
fraud
/frɔːd/
the crime of getting money by deceiving people
tội lừa đảo chiếm đoạt tài sản
Ví dụ:
She was charged with credit card fraud.
property that has been obtained by fraud
a $100 million fraud
fraudster
/ˈfrɔːdstər/
a person who commits fraud (in other words,someone who gets money by deceiving people)
kẻ lừa đảo
Ví dụ:
New measures are needed to prevent fraudsters opening bank accounts with stolen cheques
free press
/ˌfriː ˈpres/
tự do báo chí, tự do ngôn luận trong truyền thông
Ví dụ:
How can there be democratic elections without a free press?
freezer
/ˈfriːzər/
a large piece of electrical equipment in which you can store food for a long time at a low temperature so that it stays frozen
Máy ướp lạnh.
Máy làm kem.
Ví dụ:
Would you put the ice-cream away in the freezer?
When you get a build-up of ice in your freezer, you know it’s time to defrost it.
frenzy
/ˈfrenzi/
a state of great activity and strong emotion that is often violent or frightening and not under control
sự điên cuồng, sự hỗn loạn
Ví dụ:
in a frenzy of activity/excitement/violence
The speaker worked the crowd up into a frenzy.
fresh
/freʃ/
(of air) clean and cool; found outside rather than in a room
trong sạch, tươi mát, mát mẻ (không khí
)
Ví dụ:
I opened the window to let some fresh air in.
fresh mountain air
I’m just going out for a breath of fresh air.
fresh water
/ˈfreʃwɔːtər/
water that is not salty
nước ngọt
Ví dụ:
freshwater fish — cá nước ngọt
friendship
/ˈfrendʃɪp/
the feeling or relationship that friends have; the state of being friends
tình bạn: việc mà mấy người là bạn
Ví dụ:
Your friendship is very important to me.
Their friendship goes back to when they were at school together
Did you form any close/lasting friendships in college?I value her friendship above anything else.
frontier
/frʌnˈtɪr/
the limits of what is known or what has been done before in an area of knowledge or an activity
Biên giới.
Giới hạn (của văn minh, khoa học, etc).
Ví dụ:
to push back the frontiers of science (= to increase knowledge of science)the frontiers of science and technology
fruitful
/ˈfruːtfl/
producing many useful results
[synonym] productive
Có kết quả, thành công.
Có lợi, mang lợi.
Ví dụ:
It was a most fruitful discussion, with both sides agreeing to adopt a common policy
The research has proved extremely fruitful.
fruitless
/ˈfruːtləs/
producing no useful results
[synonym] unproductive
Không có kết quả, thất bại; vô ích
Ví dụ:
a fruitless attempt/search
Our efforts to persuade her proved fruitless.
fuel
/ˈfjuːəl/
kích động hành vi nào đó
Ví dụ:
he rapid promotion of the director’s son has itself fuelled resentment within the company.
The president’s speech fuelled speculation that she is about to resign.
fumes
/fjuːmz/
smoke, gas, or something similar that smells strongly or is dangerous to breathe in
khí độc, có hại cho sức khoẻ
Ví dụ:
exhaust fumes
Petrol fumes always make me feel ill.
cigar fumes
function
/ˈfʌŋkʃn/
to work in the correct way
hoạt động, vận hành một cách hiệu quả
Ví dụ:
Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.
Many children can’t function effectively in large classes.
functional
/ˈfʌŋkʃənl/
designed to be practical and useful rather than attractive
hữu dụng, thiết thực
Ví dụ:
Bathrooms don’t have to be purely functional.
The office was large and functional rather than welcoming.
fund
/fʌnd/
to provide money for something, usually something official
cấp vốn, tài trợ
Ví dụ:
a dance festival funded by the Arts Council
The museum is privately funded.
a government-funded programme
fundamental
/ˌfʌndəˈmentl/
forming the base, from which everything else develops
căn bản, cơ bản
Ví dụ:
It’s one of the fundamental differences between men and women.
The school is based on the fundamental principle that all children should reach their full potential.
funding
/ˈfʌndɪŋ/
money for a particular purpose; the act of providing money for such a purpose
vốn, trợ cấp
Ví dụ:
There have been large cuts in government funding for scientific research
fur
/fɜːr/
the soft thick mass of hair that grows on the body of some animals
lớp lông mịn của một số loài thú
Ví dụ:
The cat carefully licked its fur
futile
/ˈfjuːtl/
having no purpose because there is no chance of success
[synonym] pointless
Vô ích, không có hiệu quả
Ví dụ:
It’s completely futile trying to reason with him - he just won’t listen.
All my attempts to cheer her up proved futile.
futuristic
/ˌfjuːtʃəˈrɪstɪk/
extremely modern and unusual in appearance, as if belonging to a future time
như là thuộc về tương lai
Ví dụ:
futuristic design
gadget
/ˈɡædʒɪt/
a small tool or device that does something useful
thiết bị
Ví dụ:
kitchen gadgets
Have you seen this handy little gadget - it’s for separating egg yolks from whites.
galactic
/ɡəˈlæktɪk/
relating to a galaxy
Thiên văn: (thuộc) ngân hà
Ví dụ:
inter-galactic travel
A galactic year is the time the galaxy takes to rotate once completely.
galaxy
/ˈɡæləksi/
one of the independent groups of stars in the universe
(Thiên văn học) Ngân hà, thiên hà
Ví dụ:
scientists observing phenomena in nearby galaxies
gallery
/ˈɡæləri/
a room or building that is used for showing works of art, sometimes so that they can be sold
Phòng trưng bày, triển lãm
Ví dụ:
an art/a picture gallery
the National Gallery
Visit the photo gallery on our website to see pictures from the event.
game
/ɡeɪm/
wild animals and birds that are hunted for food or sport
Thú săn; thịt thú săn
Ví dụ:
game birds
big game — thú săn lớn (như hổ, sư tử, voi)
gamekeeper
/ˈɡeɪmkiːpər/
a person whose job is to take care of and breed wild animals and birds that are kept on private land in order to be hunted
Người canh rừng không cho săn trộm thú
Ví dụ:
There are no houses near, and no people in it except a few gamekeepers: I spent long days in it without meeting a human being
gas
/ɡæs/
(uk petrol) a liquid obtained from petroleum, used especially as a fuel for cars, aircraft, and other vehicles:
(Từ mỹ,nghĩa mỹ) , (thông tục) dầu xăng
Ví dụ:
I’ll stop and get some gas - we’re running low.
a gas tank/pump
gasoline
/ˈɡæsəliːn/
= gas
(Từ mỹ,nghĩa mỹ) Xăng, dầu xăng
Ví dụ:
I fill up the tank with gasoline about once a week.
leaded/unleaded gasoline
gaze
/ɡeɪz/
to look at something or someone for a long time, especially in surprise or admiration, or because you are thinking about something else
nhìn chăm chú
Ví dụ:
Annette gazed admiringly at Warren as he spoke.
He spends hours gazing out of the window when he should be working.
gender
/ˈdʒendər/
the physical and/or social condition of being male or female
Giới tính.
Ví dụ:
gender differences/relations/roles
generate
/ˈdʒenəreɪt/
to produce or create something
tạo ra, sinh ra
Ví dụ:
Her latest film has generated a lot of interest/excitement.
The new development will generate 1,500 new jobs.
Selling food will increase the club’s ability to generate revenue/income.
generation
/ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/
all the people who were born at about the same time
Thế hệ, đời.
Ví dụ:
The younger generation smokes less than their parents did
There were at least three generations - grandparents, parents and children - at the wedding
It’s our duty to preserve the planet for future generations
This painting has been in the family for generations.
genetically modified
/dʒəˌnetɪkli ˈmɑːdɪfaɪd/
(of a plant, etc
) having had its genetic structure changed artificially, so that it will produce more fruit or not be affected by disease
(động vật, thực vật) biến đổi gen
Ví dụ:
genetically modified foods (= made from plants that have been changed in this way)
