300 Flashcards
capital
/ˈkæpɪtl/
the most important town or city of a country, usually where the central government operates from
Thủ đô, thủ phủ.
Ví dụ:
Australia’s capital city is Canberra
Cairo is the capital of Egypt.
capital punishment
/ˌkæpɪtl ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/
punishment by death
án tử hình (=death penalty)
Ví dụ:
Public opinion was in favour of bringing back capital punishment
capsule
/ˈkæpsuːl/
a small container with medicine inside that you swallow
(Dược học) Bao con nhộng
Ví dụ:
The medicine can be taken in tablet or capsule form.
carbon
/ˈkɑːrbən/
a chemical element that exists in its pure form as diamond or graphite, and is an important part of other substances such as coal and oil
(Hoá học) Cacbon
Ví dụ:
New legislation aims to reduce carbon emissions
Iron with a high carbon content
career
/kəˈrɪr/
the series of jobs that a person has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes
Sự nghiệp (của một người)
Ví dụ:
a career in politics
a teaching career
What made you decide on a career as a vet?
She has been concentrating on her career.
carnation
/kɑːrˈneɪʃn/
(a plant with) a small flower with a sweet smell, usually white, pink, or red in colour
Hoa cẩm chướng.
Ví dụ:
He was wearing a carnation in his buttonhole
carve
/kɑːrv/
to make something by cutting into especially wood or stone, or to cut into the surface of stone, wood, etc
Khắc, tạc, chạm, đục.
Ví dụ:
This totem pole is carved from/out of a single tree trunk.
He carved her name on a tree.
Some of the tunnels in the cliff are natural, some were carved out (= cut into the rock) by soldiers for defensive purposes.
carving
/ˈkɑːrvɪŋ/
a shape or pattern cut into wood or stone or the skill of doing this
Nghệ thuật khắc, nghệ thuật tạc, nghệ thuật chạm
Ví dụ:
wooden/stone carvings
cast-off
/ˈkæst ɔːf/
a piece of clothing that the original owner no longer wants to wear
quần áo cũ bị bỏ đi, không dùng đến nữa
Ví dụ:
She used to wear her sister’s cast-offs
casual
/ˈkæʒuəl/
[of work] not permanent; not done, or doing something regularly
Không đều, thất thường, lúc có lúc không
Ví dụ:
casual workers/labour — người lao công có việc làm thất thường, người lao công không có việc làm cố định
Students sometimes do casual work in the tourist trade.
They are employed on a casual basis (= they do not have a permanent job with the company).
catastrophe
/kəˈtæstrəfi/
a sudden event that causes many people to suffer
[synonym] disaster
Tai ương, tai biến, thảm hoạ, tai hoạ lớn
Ví dụ:
Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major catastrophe
We’ve had a few catastrophes with the food for the party.
catastrophic
/ˌkætəˈstrɑːfɪk/
(of a natural event) causing a lot of damage and suffering
[synonym] disastrous
causing a lot of problems for people
[synonym]disastrous
có tínhthảm hoạ, vô cùng thê thảm
Ví dụ:
a catastrophic earthquake/flood/wildfire
a catastrophic failure/collapse/defeat
cater
/ˈkeɪtər/
to provide the things that a particular person or situation needs or wants
phục vụ nhu cầu của ai hay cái gì
Ví dụ:
The club caters for children between the ages of four and twelve
She runs a specialist company that caters for people with food allergies.
It is a resort that clearly caters for the well-off.
cathedral
/kəˈθiːdrəl/
a very large, usually stone, building for Christian worship
(Công giáo) Nhà thờ chính tòa; nhà thờ lớn
–
cattle
/ˈkætl/
cows and bulls that are kept for their milk or meat
Thú nuôi, gia súc
Ví dụ:
The farmer grazes cattle on this land in the summer months
a herd of cattle
cauliflower
/ˈkɑːliflaʊər/
a vegetable with green leaves around a large hard white head of flowers
(Thực vật học) Cải hoa, hoa lơ, súp lơ
Ví dụ:
Do you like cauliflower?
two cauliflowers
ceiling
/ˈsiːlɪŋ/
the inside surface of a room that you can see when you look above you
Trần (nhà
)
Ví dụ:
She lay on her back staring up at the ceiling.
a large room with a high ceiling
The walls and ceiling were painted white.
celebrity
/səˈlebrəti/
a famous person
Nhân vật có danh tiếng, người nổi danh
Ví dụ:
TV celebrities
censor
/ˈsensər/
to remove the parts of a book, film/movie, etc
that are considered to be offensive, immoral or a political threat
(dạng chủ động) kiểm duyệt.
(dạng bị động) bị kiểm duyệt cắt đi.
Ví dụ:
The news reports had been heavily censored.
The book was heavily censored when first published.
censorship
/ˈsensərʃɪp/
the act of censoring books, films, etc
Công tác kiểm duyệt.
Ví dụ:
The government has imposed strict censorship on the press.
to take action against institutions practising censorship
certain
/ˈsɜːrtn/
firmly believing something; having no doubts
Chắc, chắc chắn.
Ví dụ:
I feel certain (that) you’re doing the right thing
chain
/tʃeɪn/
a group of shops/stores or hotels owned by the same company
chuỗi (cửa hàng, nhà hàng, siêu thị, khách sạn
)
Ví dụ:
The supermarket chain announced that it was cutting the cost of all its fresh and frozen meat
They are not only the world’s biggest fast-food chain, but also the industry’s trendsetter.
chalk
/tʃɔːk/
a type of soft white stone
Đá phấn.
Ví dụ:
the chalk cliffs of southern England
challenge
/ˈtʃælɪndʒ/
a new or difficult task that tests somebody’s ability and skill
thách thức
Ví dụ:
The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.
Schools must meet the challenge of new technology (= deal with it successfully).
challenging
/ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/
difficult, in a way that tests your ability or determination
có tính thử thách
Ví dụ:
He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
She doesn’t find the general knowledge crossword challenging enough.
character
/ˈkærəktər/
qualities that are interesting and unusual
nét đặc sắc
Ví dụ:
a hotel of character
I’d prefer an old place with a bit of character.
Old books are said to give a room character.
As people grow older, their faces acquire more character.
cherish
/ˈtʃerɪʃ/
to love, protect, and care for someone or something that is important to you
trân trọng, yêu thương
Ví dụ:
Although I cherish my children, I do allow them their independence.
Her most cherished possession is a 1926 letter from F
Scott Fitzgerald.
Freedom of speech is a cherished (= carefully protected) right in this country.
chew
/tʃuː/
to crush food into smaller, softer pieces with the teeth so that it can be swallowed
Nhai
Ví dụ:
This meat is difficult to chew.
You don’t chew your food enough - that’s why you get indigestion.
childhood
/ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/
the period of somebody’s life when they are a child
Tuổi thơ ấu, thời thơ ấu
Ví dụ:
childhood, adolescence and adulthood
in early childhood
childhood memories/experiences
She had a happy childhood.
chimney
/ˈtʃɪmni/
a structure through which smoke or steam is carried up away from a fire, etc
and through the roof of a building; the part of this that is above the roof
Ống khói
Ví dụ:
factory chimneys belching smoke over the town
A column of smoke rose from the chimney.
choreograph
/ˈkɔːriəɡræf/
to design and arrange the steps and movements for dancers in a ballet or a show
Sáng tác và dàn dựng điệu múa
Ví dụ:
(figurative) There was some carefully choreographed flag-waving as the President drove by
chronically
/ˈkrɑːnɪkli/
(Y học) Mạn, mãn tính, kinh niên.
Ví dụ:
a hospital for the chronically ill
chronologically
/ˌkrɑːnəˈlɑːdʒɪkli/
in a way that arranges a number of events in the order in which they happened
Theo niên đại, theo thứ tự thời gian.
Ví dụ:
The works are arranged chronologically to reveal artistic development over 35 centuries
cinder
/ˈsɪndər/
a small piece of ash or partly burnt coal, wood, etc
that is no longer burning but may still be hot
Thanh cháy dở.
Xỉ, than xỉ.
Ví dụ:
The logs had turned into blackened cinders.
a fireplace full of glowing red cinders
circular
/ˈsɜːrkjələr/
shaped like a circle; round
Tròn, vòng, vòng quanh.
Ví dụ:
a circular building
He had round unblinking eyes and a perfectly circular head.
The crater was two miles across and roughly circular.
citrus
/ˈsɪtrəs/
fruit belonging to the group of fruit that includes oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit
any of a group of plants that produce acidic fruits with a lot of juice
(Thực vật học) Giống cam quít
Ví dụ:
The field was planted with citrus trees.
Oranges, lemons, limes and grapefruit are types of citrus fruit.
civilization
/ˌsɪvələˈzeɪʃn/
the culture and way of life of a society or country at a particular period in time
Nền văn minh
Ví dụ:
We spent a week visiting the wonders of Ancient Greek civilization.
Historians still argue about what causes such a mighty civilization to collapse.
clarify
/ˈklærəfaɪ/
(formal) to make something clearer or easier to understand
Làm rõ, làm cho dễ hiểu hơn
Ví dụ:
Could you clarify the first point please? I don’t understand it completely.
Talking to someone has helped clarify my feelings.
classical music
/ˈklæs·ɪ·kəl ˈmju·zɪk/
a form of music developed from a European tradition mainly in the 18th and 19th centuries
nhạc cổ điển
Ví dụ:
My wife likes classical music but I prefer jazz
claw
/klɔː/
one of the sharp curved nails at the end of each of the toes of some animals and birds
Vuốt (mèo, chim).
Chân có vuốt.
Ví dụ:
Our cat likes to sharpen her claws on the legs of the dining table
cleanse
/klenz/
to make something completely clean
to make someone or something morally clean or pure
làm trong sạch, làm cho tinh khiết
Ví dụ:
The mayor has promised to cleanse the city of drug dealers (= to remove them from the city
clear-cut
/ˌklɪr ˈkʌt/
clear or obvious without needing any proof
Rõ ràng, dứt khoát.
Ví dụ:
She has clear-cut evidence that her husband has cheated on her.
clerk
/klɜːrk/
a person whose job is to keep the records or accounts in an office, shop/store etc
Người thư ký
(Từ mỹ,nghĩa mỹ) Người giúp việc bán hàng, nhân viên bán hàng.
Ví dụ:
an office clerk
cliff
/klɪf/
a high area of rock with a very steep side, often on a coast
Vách đá (nhô ra biển)
Ví dụ:
We built a house at the foot of a cliff
Keep away from the edge of the cliff - you might fall.
climate
/ˈklaɪmət/
the regular pattern of weather conditions of a particular place
Khí hậu
Ví dụ:
a mild/temperate/warm/wet climate
the harsh climate of the Arctic regions
climate change
/ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/
changes in the earth’s weather, especially the increase in the temperature caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide
biến đổi khí hậu
Ví dụ:
the threat of global climate change
close
/kloʊs/
near in family relationship
[opposite] distant
Gần, thân, sát.
Ví dụ:
close relatives, such as your mother and father, and brothers and sisters
close-knit
/ˌkloʊs ˈnɪt/
(of a group of people) having strong relationships with each other and taking a close, friendly interest in each other’s activities and problems
Gắn bó với nhau (về tình cảm, quyền lợi).
Ví dụ:
the close-knit community of a small village
clutter
/ˈklʌtər/
(a lot of objects in) a state of being untidy
sự bừa bãi, lộn xộn
(một đống đồ) bừa bãi lộn xộn
Ví dụ:
Sorry about the clutter in the kitchen.
My desk is covered in/full of clutter.
coast
/koʊst/
the land next to or close to the sea
bờ biển
Ví dụ:
a town on the south coast of England
islands off the west coast of Ireland
coastal
/ˈkoʊstl/
of or near a coast
(thuộc) bờ biển; (thuộc) miền ven biển
Ví dụ:
coastal waters/resorts/scenery
a coastal path (= one that follows the line of the coast)
coat
/koʊt/
the hair, wool, or fur covering an animal
Bộ lông (thú)
Ví dụ:
a dog with a smooth/shaggy coat
animals in their winter coats (= grown long for extra warmth)
cognitive
/ˈkɑːɡnətɪv/
connected with thinking or conscious mental processes
Liên quan đến nhận thức.
Ví dụ:
a child’s cognitive development
cognitive psychology
They are studying the links between cognitive and linguistic development in young children.
This is both a cognitive and an emotional process.
collapse
/kəˈlæps/
to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support
Đổ, sập, sụp, sụp đổ
Ví dụ:
The roof collapsed under the weight of snow
Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake.
colleague
/ˈkɑːliːɡ/
a person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business
Bạn đồng nghiệp, bạn đồng sự
Ví dụ:
a colleague of mine from the office
We were friends and colleagues for more than 20 years.
collide
/kəˈlaɪd/
(especially of moving objects) to hit something violently
Va nhau, đụng nhau
Ví dụ:
The two vans collided at the crossroads.
It was predicted that a comet would collide with one of the planets.
collision
/kəˈlɪʒn/
an accident in which two vehicles or people crash into each other
Sự đụng, sự va
Ví dụ:
a collision between two trains
Stewart was injured in a collision with another player.
colonize
/ˈkɑːlənaɪz/
to take control of an area or a country that is not your own, especially using force, and send people from your own country to live there
Chiếm làm thuộc địa
Ví dụ:
The area was colonized by the Vikings
colony
/ˈkɑːləni/
a country or an area that is governed by people from another, more powerful, country
Thuộc địa
Ví dụ:
Australia and New Zealand are former British colonies
combat
/ˈkɑːmbæt/
to stop something unpleasant or harmful from happening or from getting worse
Đánh nhau, chiến đấu
Ví dụ:
measures to combat crime/inflation/unemployment/disease
The government is spending millions of dollars in its attempt to combat drug abuse
I have to combat this constant desire to eat chocolate.
combustion
/kəmˈbʌstʃən/
the process of burning
Sự đốt cháy; sự cháy
Ví dụ:
Poisonous gases are produced during fossil fuel combustion
comet
/ˈkɑːmət/
a mass of ice and dust that moves around the sun and looks like a bright star with a tail
Sao chổi
–
commentator
/ˈkɑːmənteɪtər/
a person who is an expert on a particular subject and talks or writes about it on television or radio, or in a newspaper
Nhà bình luận
Ví dụ:
a political commentator
commercial
/kəˈmɜːrʃl/
(Thuộc) Buôn bán; (thuộc) thương mại; (thuộc) thương nghiệp
Ví dụ:
The drug is still being tested and will not go into commercial production for at least two years
commit
/kəˈmɪt/
to do something wrong or illegal
thực hiện hành vi phạm pháp
Ví dụ:
to commit murder/adultery
Most crimes are committed by young men.
commonplace
/ˈkɑːmənpleɪs/
done very often, or existing in many places, and therefore not unusual
bình thường, phổ biến, chẳng có gì là lạ
Ví dụ:
Computers are now commonplace in primary classrooms
Electric cars are increasingly commonplace.
communicate
/kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
to exchange information, news, ideas, etc
with somebody
giao thiệp, liên lạc, truyền đạt thông tin
Ví dụ:
We only communicate by email.
communication
/kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/
the act of communicating with people
sự truyền đạt, sự thông tri, sự thông tin; tin tức truyền đạt
Ví dụ:
Speech is the fastest method of communication between people.
Doctors do not always have good communication skills.
compact
/ˈkɑːmpækt/
smaller than is usual for things of the same kind
Nhỏ gọn
Ví dụ:
a compact camera
The notebook computer is small and compact and weighs only 3
6lb.
company
/ˈkʌmpəni/
the fact of being with somebody else and not alone
(sự cùng đi; sự cùng ở; sự có bầu có bạn
)
Ví dụ:
I enjoy Jo’s company (= I enjoy being with her).
a pleasant evening in the company of friends.
compete
/kəmˈpiːt/
to try to be more successful or better than somebody else who is trying to do the same as you
đua tranh, ganh đua, cạnh tranh, tranh tài
Ví dụ:
It’s difficult for a small shop to compete against/with the big supermarkets.
We can’t compete with them on price.
compile
/kəmˈpaɪl/
to collect information from different places and arrange it in a book, report, or list
Biên soạn, sưu tập tài liệu
Ví dụ:
We’re compiling some facts and figures for a documentary on the subject
component
/kəmˈpoʊnənt/
a part that combines with other parts to form something bigger
Thành phần, phần hợp thành
Ví dụ:
The factory supplies electrical components for cars.
The course has four main components: business law, finance, computing and management skills
composition
/ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃn/
the different parts which something is made of; the way in which the different parts are organized
Sự hợp thành, sự cấu thành.
Cấu tạo, thành phần.
Ví dụ:
the chemical composition of the soil
the composition of the board of directors
the size and composition of an average class
compound
/kəmˈpaʊnd/
to make something bad become even worse by causing further damage or problems
làm tình hinh tệ đi, làm vấn đề trở nên phức tạp, khó giải quyết hơn
Ví dụ:
The problems were compounded by severe food shortages.
His financial problems were compounded when he unexpectedly lost his job.
comprehend
/ˌkɑːmprɪˈhend/
(formal) to understand something fully
Hiểu, lĩnh hội, nhận thức thấu đáo
Ví dụ:
The infinite distances of space are too great for the human mind to comprehend
He doesn’t seem to comprehend the scale of the problem
compromise
/ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz/
an agreement in an argument in which the people involved reduce their demands or change their opinion in order to agree
Sự thoả hiệp.
Ví dụ:
In a compromise between management and unions, a four percent pay rise was agreed in return for an increase in productivity.
The government has said that there will be no compromise with terrorists.
computerization
/kəmˌpjuːtərəˈzeɪʃn/
the process of providing a computer or computers to do the work of something
(Tech) Điện toán hóa, máy tính hóa
Ví dụ:
As industry was modernized by computerization, workers’ skills became outdated
They’ve just computerized the whole system.
conceivable
/kənˈsiːvəbl/
that you can imagine or believe
[synonym] possible
Có thể hiểu được, có thể nhận thức được; có thể tưởng tượng được
Ví dụ:
It is conceivable that I’ll see her tomorrow
It’s just conceivable (= possible although difficult to imagine) (that) the hospital made a mistake.
oppositeinconceivable
conceive
/kənˈsiːv/
to form an idea, a plan, etc
in your mind; to imagine something
Nghĩ, hiểu, quan điểm được, nhận thức; tưởng tượng
Ví dụ:
He conceived the idea of transforming the old power station into an arts centre
God is often conceived of as male.
concept
/ˈkɑːnsept/
a principle or idea
khái niệm, quan niệm.
Ví dụ:
It is very difficult to define the concept of beauty
He can’t grasp the basic concepts of mathematics.
conception
/kənˈsepʃn/
an idea of what something or someone is like, or a basic understanding of a situation or a principle
Quan niệm, nhận thức
Khái niệm.
Ví dụ:
People from different cultures have different conceptions of the world.
He has absolutely no conception of how a successful business should run.
He has no conception of how difficult life is if you’re unemployed.
concerning
/kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/
about something; involving somebody/something
Về việc.
Ví dụ:
He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.
All cases concerning children are dealt with in a special children’s court.
conclude
/kənˈkluːd/
to end a speech, meeting, or piece of writing
Kết thúc, chấm dứt ((công việc
); bế mạc (phiên họp)
Kết luận.
Ví dụ:
She concluded the speech by reminding us of our responsibility.
Before I conclude, I’d like to thank you all for coming.
concrete
/ˈkɑːŋkriːt/
a very hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water
Bê tông
Ví dụ:
Weeds were pushing up through the cracks in the concrete.
Don’t walk on the concrete until it has set.
condemn
/kənˈdem/
to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons
Chỉ trích, chê trách, lên án, quy tội
Ví dụ:
The Opposition has condemned the government’s proposed tax increases
The film was condemned for its sexism.
conduct
/kənˈdʌkt/
to allow electricity or heat to go through
(Vật lý) Dẫn
Ví dụ:
Copper conducts electricity, but plastic does not
to conduct heat — dẫn nhiệt
conductor
/kənˈdʌktər/
a substance that allows heat or electricity to go through it
(Vật lý) Chất dẫn (điện, nhiệt)
Ví dụ:
Metal is a good conductor of heat
metals are good conductors — kim loại là những chất dẫn tốt
conference
/ˈkɑːnfərəns/
an event, sometimes lasting a few days, at which there is a group of talks on a particular subject, or a meeting in which especially business matters are discussed formally
Hội nghị
Ví dụ:
a conference on women’s rights
They frequently hold conferences at that hotel.
I’m speaking at/attending a conference next week.
Should I book the conference room for the meeting?
confirm
/kənˈfɜːrm/
to prove that something is true
Xác nhận; chứng thực.
Ví dụ:
His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions
conflict
/ˈkɑːnflɪkt/
a situation in which there are opposing ideas, opinions, feelings or wishes; a situation in which it is difficult to choose
Sự xung đột, sự tranh giành, sự va chạm
Ví dụ:
The story tells of a classic conflict between love and duty.
Her diary was a record of her inner conflict.
Many of these ideas appear to be in conflict with each other.
conjecture
/kənˈdʒektʃər/
a guess about something based on how it seems and not on proof
Sự phỏng đoán, sự ước đoán
Ví dụ:
The truth of his conjecture was confirmed by the newspaper report
There’s been a lot of conjecture in the media recently about the marriage.
connection
/kəˈnekʃn/
the state of being related to someone or something else
Sự liên quan, sự liên lạc, mối quan hệ; sự chấp nối.
Ví dụ:
The connection between smoking and heart disease is well known.
They’re sisters? I knew their surname was the same, but I never made (= thought of) the connection.
connotation
/ˌkɑːnəˈteɪʃn/
an idea suggested by a word in addition to its main meaning
Nghĩa rộng; ý nghĩa, hàm ý (của một từ)
Ví dụ:
The word ‘professional’ has connotations of skill and excellence
The word “lady” has connotations of refinement and excessive femininity that some women find offensive.
conquer
/ˈkɑːŋkər/
to take control or possession of foreign land, or a group of people, by force
Chinh phạt, chinh phục, chế ngự
Ví dụ:
The Normans conquered England in 1066.
In 330 BC Persia was conquered by Alexander the Great.
conscious
/ˈkɑːnʃəs/
(of actions, feelings, etc
) deliberate or controlled
(hành động, ý định) cố tình, cố ý
Ví dụ:
to make a conscious decision
I made a conscious effort to get there on time.
a conscious act of cruelty
opposite unconscious
consensus
/kənˈsensəs/
an opinion that all members of a group agree with
Sự đồng thuận, sự nhất trí
Ví dụ:
The general consensus in the office is that he can’t do his job
Could we reach a consensus on this matter? Let’s take a vote.
consent
/kənˈsent/
to agree to do something, or to allow someone to do something
Đồng ý, ưng thuận, thoả thuận; tán thành
Ví dụ:
Very reluctantly, I’ve consented to lend her my car.
My aunt never married because her father wouldn’t consent to her marriage.
consequence
/ˈkɑːnsəkwens/
a result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or not convenient
Hậu quả, kết quả.
Ví dụ:
This decision could have serious consequences for the industry.
Two hundred people lost their jobs as a direct consequence of the merger.
He drove too fast with tragic consequences.
to suffer/face/take the consequences of your actions
consequently
/ˈkɑːnsəkwentli/
as a result; therefore
Do đó, vì vậy cho nên, bởi thế; vậy thì.
Ví dụ:
She failed her exams and was consequently unable to start her studies at college
