400 Flashcards
conserve
/kənˈsɜːrv/
to use as little of something as possible so that it lasts a long time
Giữ gìn, duy trì, bảo tồn, bảo toàn
Ví dụ:
Help to conserve energy by insulating your home.
Renewable energy resources can help conserve fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions.
considerably
/kənˈsɪdərəbli/
much; a lot
[synonym] significantly
một cách đáng kể, lớn lao, nhiều
Ví dụ:
The need for sleep varies considerably from person to person.
Interest rates on bank loans have increased considerably in recent years.
consolidate
/kənˈsɑːlɪdeɪt/
to make something stronger so that it is more likely to continue
Làm (cho) vững chắc thêm, củng cố
Ví dụ:
With this new movie he has consolidated his position as the country’s leading director.
Italy consolidated their lead with a second goal.
constant
/ˈkɑːnstənt/
happening a lot or all the time
không ngớt, không dứt, liên miên, liên tiếp
Ví dụ:
I have to combat this constant desire to eat chocolate.
constantly
/ˈkɑːnstəntli/
all the time; repeatedly
Luôn luôn, liên miên
Ví dụ:
Fashion is constantly changing.
Heat the sauce, stirring constantly.
We are constantly on the lookout for new ideas.
construct
/kənˈstrʌkt/
to build something or put together different parts to form something whole
xây dựng (nhà cửa
)
Ví dụ:
to construct a new bridge/building
The walls are constructed of concrete.
construction
/kənˈstrʌkʃn/
the work of building or making something, especially buildings, bridges, etc
a building
Sự xây dựng
tòa nhà
Ví dụ:
She works in construction/in the construction industry.
The bridge is a marvellous work of engineering and construction.
What’s that concrete and metal construction over there?
construction site
/kənˈstrʌkʃn saɪt/
an area of land where something is being built
công trường xây dựng
–
consultant
/kənˈsʌltənt/
a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and is employed to give advice about it to other people
Nhà chuyên môn; chuyên viên, cố vấn; người cho ý kiến; người được hỏi ý kiến
Ví dụ:
a firm of management consultants
the President’s consultant on economic affairs
consume
/kənˈsuːm/
to use something, especially fuel, energy or time
Dùng, tiêu thụ
Ví dụ:
The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels.
25 per cent of the world’s population consumes 80 per cent of the planet’s resources.
consumer
/kənˈsuːmər/
a person who buys goods or uses services
Người tiêu dùng, người tiêu thụ (hàng hoá, thực phẩm
)
Ví dụ:
Agricultural companies have failed to convince consumers that GM foods are safe.
What the problem comes down to is ‘Will the consumer be willing to pay more for a higher quality product?’
consumerism
/kənˈsuːmərɪzəm/
the buying and using of goods and services; the belief that it is good for a society or an individual person to buy and use a large quantity of goods and services
Chủ nghĩa tiêu thụ, sự tiêu dùng
–
contact
/ˈkɑːntækt/
to communicate with somebody, for example by telephone or letter
liên lạc
Ví dụ:
I’ve been trying to contact you all day.
Witnesses to the accident are asked to contact the police.
contain
/kənˈteɪn/
to have something inside or include something as a part:
Chứa đựng, bao hàm, gồm có, bao gồm
Ví dụ:
How much liquid do you think this bottle contains?
I lost a file containing a lot of important documents.
Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat.
container
/kənˈteɪnər/
a large metal or wooden box of a standard size in which goods are packed so that they can easily be lifted onto a ship, train, etc
to be transported
Côngtenơ
Ví dụ:
a container ship (= one designed to transport such containers)
contaminate
/kənˈtæmɪneɪt/
to make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease
Làm bẩn, làm ô uế.
Làm nhiễm (bệnh).
Ví dụ:
The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.
a river contaminated by pollution
contamination
/kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/
the process or fact of making a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease
Sự làm bẩn, sự làm ô uế; cái làm ô uế
Ví dụ:
radioactive contamination
Environmental contamination resulting from human activities is a major health concern.
contemplate
/ˈkɑːntəmpleɪt/
to think about whether you should do something, or how you should do something
[synonym] consider, think about/of
Dự tính, trù tính, cân nhắc (có nên làm một việc gì đó hay không)
Ví dụ:
You’re too young to be contemplating retirement
I have never contemplated living abroad.
I’m contemplating going abroad for a year
They were contemplating a move to California.
contend
/kənˈtend/
to say that something is true, especially in an argument
[synonym] maintain
Dám chắc rằng, cho rằng
Ví dụ:
I would contend that the minister’s thinking is flawed on this point
The lawyer contended (that) her client had never been near the scene of the crime.
context
/ˈkɑːntekst/
the situation within which something exists or happens, and that can help explain it
Khung cảnh, phạm vi, bối cảnh
(Văn học) Văn cảnh, ngữ cảnh, mạch văn.
Ví dụ:
This speech needs to be set in the context of Britain in the 1960s.
His decision can only be understood in context.
What was the context you found the word in?
continual
/kənˈtɪnjuəl/
happening repeatedly, usually in an annoying or not convenient way
Liên tục, liên miên
Ví dụ:
I’ve had continual problems with this car ever since I bought it.
I’m sorry - I can’t work with these continual interruptions.
contradict
/ˌkɑːntrəˈdɪkt/
to say that something that somebody else has said is wrong, and that the opposite is true
(of statements or pieces of evidence) to be so different from each other that one of them must be wrong
Cãi lại, phủ nhận
Mâu thuẫn với, trái với.
Ví dụ:
All evening her husband contradicted everything she said
The two stories contradict each other.
contraption
/kənˈtræpʃn/
a machine or piece of equipment that looks strange
một cái máy, một cái thiết bị trông kỳ cục
Ví dụ:
She showed us a strange contraption that looked like a satellite dish
What’s that strange contraption in the garage?
contribution
/ˌkɑːntrɪˈbjuːʃn/
an action or a service that helps to cause or increase something
Sự đóng góp, sự góp phần; phần đóng góp, phần gánh vác
Ví dụ:
He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.
a significant contribution to scientific knowledge
the car’s contribution to the greenhouse effect
controversial
/ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃl/
causing disagreement or discussion
Gây tranh luận, gây bàn cãi, nóng bỏng (vấn đề
).
Ví dụ:
a controversial plan to build a new road
controversy
/ˈkɑːntrəvɜːrsi/
public discussion and argument about something that many people strongly disagree about, disapprove of, or are shocked by
Sự tranh luận, sự tranh cãi
Cuộc tranh luận, cuộc bàn cãi, cuộc luận chiến; cuộc bút chiến.
Ví dụ:
There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics
The policy has caused fierce/heated controversy ever since it was introduced.
conversation
/ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃn/
(a) talk between two or more people
sự nói chuyện; cuộc nói chuyện, cuộc chuyện trò, cuộc đàm luận
Ví dụ:
She had a strange conversation with the man who moved in upstairs.
It’s impossible to hold a conversation with all this noise going on!
converse
/kənˈvɜːrs/
(formal) to have a conversation with somebody
nói chuyện, chuyện trò
Ví dụ:
She conversed with the Romanians in French.
The two men were conversing on music and opera.
convict
/kənˈvɪkt/
to decide and state officially in court that somebody is guilty of a crime
Kết án, tuyên bố có tội
Ví dụ:
a convicted murderer
He was convicted of fraud.
There wasn’t enough evidence to convict her.
opposite acquit
convince
/kənˈvɪns/
to make somebody/yourself believe that something is true
Làm cho tin, làm cho nghe theo, thuyết phục
Ví dụ:
You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job
The experience convinced him that Europe was on the brink of a revolution.
cope
/koʊp/
to deal successfully with a difficult situation
(+ with) Đối phó, đương đầu.
Ví dụ:
It must be really hard to cope with three young children and a job
corporation
/ˌkɔːrpəˈreɪʃn/
(abbreviation Corp
) a large business company
Công ty cổ phần, tập đoàn
Ví dụ:
multinational corporations
the Sony corporation
correlate
/ˈkɔːrələt/
if two or more facts, figures, etc
Có tương quan với nhau
Ví dụ:
A high-fat diet correlates with a greater risk of heart disease.
The average speed of the vehicles correlates closely with the severity of the accident caused.
correspond
/ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːnd/
(with somebody) (formal) to write letters to somebody and receive letters/emails from them
Giao thiệp bằng thư từ, trao đổi thư từ
Ví dụ:
She corresponded regularly with her former teacher
I’ve been corresponding with several experts in the field.
cosmetic
/kɑːzˈmetɪk/
a substance that you put on your face or body to make it more attractive
mỹ phẩm
Ví dụ:
We sell a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries at a very reasonable price.
We’re introducing a new line of cosmetics
cosmic
/ˈkɑːzmɪk/
relating to the universe and the natural processes that happen in it
(Thuộc) Vũ trụ
Ví dụ:
cosmic dust/radiation
cosmopolitan
/ˌkɑːzməˈpɑːlɪtən/
đa văn hóa, đa chủng tộc, đa quốc gia
Ví dụ:
New York is a highly cosmopolitan city.
Jamaica is a very cosmopolitan island.
cosmos
/ˈkɑːzmoʊs/
the universe, especially when it is thought of as an ordered system
Vũ trụ.
Sự trật tự, sự hài hoà.
Ví dụ:
the structure of the cosmos
our place in the cosmos
cosy
/ˈkoʊzi/
comfortable and pleasant, especially (of a building) because of being small and warm
Ấm cúng, thoải mái dễ chịu
Ví dụ:
This room is nice and cosy in the winter.
He showed me into a cosy little room.
cottage
/ˈkɑːtɪdʒ/
a small house, especially in the country
Nhà tranh.
Nhà riêng ở nông thôn.
Ví dụ:
a charming country cottage with roses around the door
They live in an idyllic country/thatched cottage, with roses around the door.
counter
/ˈkaʊntər/
to react to something with an opposing opinion or action, or to defend yourself against something
Chặn lại và đánh trả, phản công lại (đấu kiếm, quyền Anh).
Ví dụ:
After the government bombed their camp, the rebels countered with an attack on the capital.
When criticisms were made of the school’s performance, the parents’ group countered with details of its exam results.
Extra police have been moved into the area to counter the risk of violence.
counteract
/ˌkaʊntərˈækt/
to reduce or remove the effect of something unwanted by producing an opposite effect
Chống lại, kháng cự lại.
Ví dụ:
These exercises aim to counteract the effects of stress and tension
countryside
/ˈkʌntrisaɪd/
land outside towns and cities, with fields, woods, etc.
nông thôn, miền quê, vùng quê, địa phương (ở nông thôn)
Ví dụ:
The countryside around there is beautiful.
Every summer thousands of people flock to the countryside.
craft
/kræft/
an activity involving a special skill at making things with your hands
Nghề, nghề thủ công.
Ví dụ:
traditional crafts like basket-weaving
a craft fair/workshop
craftsman
/ˈkræftsmən/
a skilled person, especially one who makes beautiful things by hand
Thợ thủ công.
Người khéo léo, người có kỹ xảo, người điêu luyện, người lành nghề.
Ví dụ:
The plates are painted by our finest craftsmen
rugs handmade by local craftsmenIt is clearly the work of a master craftsman.
cramped
/kræmpt/
not having enough space or time
Chật hẹp, tù túng, không được tự do
Ví dụ:
a cramped room/house
We have six desks in this room, so we’re a little cramped (for space).
I have a very cramped schedule.
crater
/ˈkreɪtər/
the round hole at the top of a volcano, or a hole in the ground similar to this
Miệng núi lửa.
Hố (bom, đạn đại bác
).
Ví dụ:
the huge crater of Vesuvius
a bomb crater
With a good telescope, you can see craters on the moon.
crave
/kreɪv/
to have a very strong feeling of wanting something
[synonym] long for
thèm muốn, khao khát
Ví dụ:
Many young children crave attention
She has always craved excitement
to crave alcohol/drugs/sweet food/carbohydrates/cigarettes/coffee
craving
/ˈkreɪvɪŋ/
a strong feeling of wanting something
Sự thèm muốn, lòng khao khát.
Ví dụ:
I have a craving for chocolate
crawl
/krɔːl/
to move forward on your hands and knees, with your body close to the ground
Bò, trườn.
Ví dụ:
Our baby is just starting to crawl.
A man was crawling away from the burning wreckage.
She crawled under the fence.
credibility
/ˌkredəˈbɪləti/
the fact that someone can be believed or trusted
Sự tín nhiệm; sự đáng tin
Ví dụ:
to gain/lack/lose credibility
After the recent scandal, the government has lost all credibility.
credit
/ˈkredɪt/
to say that someone is responsible for something good
Công nhận, cho là (ai đó có công gì đó)
Ví dụ:
She is credited with making the business a success
The company is credited with inventing the industrial robot.
crevice
/ˈkrevɪs/
a narrow crack in a rock or wall
Đường nứt, kẽ hở (tường, núi đá)
Ví dụ:
Most of the year the insects are hidden in rock crevices
crew
/kruː/
a group of people who work together, especially all those who work on and operate a ship, aircraft, etc
Toàn bộ thuỷ thủ trên tàu; toàn bộ người lái và nhân viên trên máy bay.
Ban, nhóm, đội (công tác
).
Bọn, tụi, đám, bè lũ.
Ví dụ:
an ambulance/lifeboat crew
a TV/film/camera crew
The aircraft has/carries a crew of seven.
crime
/kraɪm/
activities that involve breaking the law
Tội ác, trọng tội, tội
Ví dụ:
an increase in violent crime
Stores spend more and more on crime prevention every year.
petty/serious crime
the connection between drugs and organized crime
criminal
/ˈkrɪmɪnl/
someone who commits a crime
Kẻ phạm tội, tội phạm
Ví dụ:
Today’s problem child may be tomorrow’s criminal.
The police officer told the criminal that he had the right to remain silent.
crisis
/ˈkraɪsɪs/
a time of great disagreement, confusion, or suffering
Sự khủng hoảng; cơn khủng hoảng
Ví dụ:
The country’s leadership is in crisis.
an economic/financial crisis
We have a family crisis on my hands - my 16-year-old sister is pregnant.
crisp
/krɪsp/
(of the air or the weather) pleasantly dry and cold
mát lạnh, làm sảng khoái; làm khoẻ người (không khí).
Ví dụ:
a crisp winter morning
The air was crisp and clear and the sky was blue.
critic
/ˈkrɪtɪk/
a person who expresses disapproval of somebody/something and talks about their bad qualities, especially publicly
Người chỉ trích
Ví dụ:
a critic of private health care
Her critics say she is leading the party to disaster
He’s his own worst critic (= he judges himself severely).
critical
/ˈkrɪtɪkl/
of the greatest importance to the way things might happen
Cấp thiết, tối quan trọng.
Ví dụ:
Reducing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is of critical importance
criticism
/ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/
the act of saying that something or someone is bad
Sự phê bình, sự phê phán, sự bình phẩm, sự chỉ trích.
Lời phê bình, lời phê phán, lời bình phẩm, lời chỉ trích.
Ví dụ:
The designs for the new mosque have attracted widespread criticism.
I have a few criticisms to make about your speech.
criticize
/ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/
to express disapproval of someone or something
Phê bình, phê phán, bình phẩm, chỉ trích
Ví dụ:
The government is being widely criticized in the media for failing to limit air pollution.
We’ll get nowhere if all you can do is criticize.
crowded
/ˈkraʊdɪd/
having a lot of people or too many people
Đông đúc
Chật ních.
Ví dụ:
In the spring the place is crowded with skiers.
London was very crowded.
crucial
/ˈkruːʃl/
extremely important, because it will affect other things
[synonym] critical, essential
Quyết định; cốt yếu, chủ yếu.
Ví dụ:
a crucial factor/issue/decision
topics of crucial importance
The next few weeks are going to be crucial.
crystal
/ˈkrɪstl/
transparent glass of very high quality
pha lê; đồ pha lê
Ví dụ:
a crystal chandelier/vase
Every table had been set with fine china and crystal.
crystal clear
/ˌkrɪstl ˈklɪr/
(of glass, water, etc
) completely clear and bright
Ví dụ:
crystal clear water
cue
/kjuː/
an action or event that is a signal for somebody to do something
dấu hiệu để nhắc ai đó làm gì đấy
Ví dụ:
Jon’s arrival was a cue for more champagne.
I think that’s my cue to explain why I’m here.
cull
/kʌl/
to kill a particular number of animals of a group in order to prevent the group from getting too large
(động vật) giết bớt đi để ngăn không cho số lượng gia tăng quá nhiều
Ví dụ:
The plan to cull large numbers of baby seals has angered environmental groups
cultivation
/ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃn/
the preparation and use of land for growing plants or crops
Sự cày cấy, sự trồng trọt
Ví dụ:
fertile land that is under cultivation (= being cultivated)
rice/wheat, etc
cultivation
cultural
/ˈkʌltʃərəl/
relating to the habits, traditions, and beliefs of a society
(Thuộc) Văn hoá
Ví dụ:
Australia has its own cultural identity, which is very different from that of Britain
cultural differences between the two communities
culture
/ˈkʌltʃər/
the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time
Văn hoá, văn minh.
Ví dụ:
youth/working-class culture
She’s studying modern Japanese language and culture.
cumulative
/ˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪv/
increasing by one addition after another
tích tụ, dồn lại, chồng chất lên mãi
Ví dụ:
The cumulative effect of using so many chemicals on the land could be disastrous.
curb
/kɜːrb/
to control or limit something, especially something bad
Kiềm chế, nén lại; hạn chế.
(nghĩa đen)Buộc dây cằm (vào ngựa); điều khiển (ngựa) bằng dây cằm.
Ví dụ:
He is someone who finds it difficult to curb his fleshly desires.
You really need to curb your spending.
The police are trying to curb under-age drinking.
cure
/kjʊr/
to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness
Chữa bênh, điều trị
Ví dụ:
Will you be able to cure him, Doctor?
It is better to prevent rather than cure diseases.
currency
/ˈkɜːrənsi/
the money that is used in a particular country at a particular time
Tiền, tiền tệ.
Ví dụ:
foreign currency
You’ll need some cash in local currency but you can also use your credit card.
current affairs
/ˌkɜːrənt əˈferz/
political news about events happening now
chuyện, vấn đề, tình hình đang diễn ra trong và ngoài nước
–
curriculum
/kəˈrɪkjələm/
the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc.
(chương trình giảng dạy)
Ví dụ:
(British English) Spanish is on the curriculum.
(North American English) Spanish is in the curriculum.
curve
/kɜːrv/
to move or make something move in a line or shape that bends gradually
Cong, uốn cong, bẻ cong, làm vênh
Ví dụ:
The road curved around the bay
The ball curved through the air
His lips curved in a smile
A smile curved his lips.
customer
/ˈkʌstəmər/
a person or an organization that buys something from a shop/store or business
Khách hàng.
Ví dụ:
one of the shop’s best/biggest customers
They know me—I’m a regular customer.
cutting-edge
/ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/
very modern and with all the newest features
tối tân, hiện đại bậc nhất
Ví dụ:
cutting-edge technology/research/science/design
cyber
/ˈsaɪbər/
involving, using, or relating to computers, especially the internet
liên quan đến thế giới mạng
Ví dụ:
cybercriminal - tội phạm mạng
cyberculture - văn hóa mạng
cycle
/ˈsaɪkl/
he fact of a series of events being repeated many times, always in the same order
chu kỳ, chu trình, vòng lặp
Ví dụ:
the cycle of the seasons
They could not break the cycle of harvest failure, food shortage, price increase and misery.
daisy
/ˈdeɪzi/
a small flower with white petals and a yellow centre that often grows in grass
(Thực vật học) Cây cúc
–
damage
/ˈdæmɪdʒ/
to harm or spoil something
làm hư hại, làm hỏng, gây thiệt hại, gây tổn hại
Ví dụ:
Several vehicles were damaged in the crash.
Smoking seriously damages your health.
data
/ˈdeɪtə/
information that is stored by a computer
số liệu, dữ kiện, tài liệu
Ví dụ:
The data is stored on a hard disk and backed up on a floppy disk
date
/deɪt/
to stop being fashionable
become old-fashioned
Đã lỗi thời, đã cũ; trở nên lỗi thời
Ví dụ:
Some James Bond films have dated more than others
dated
/ˈdeɪtɪd/
old-fashioned; belonging to a time in the past
Lỗi thời, cũ kỹ, không hợp thời
Ví dụ:
Those TV comedies were OK in their day but seem incredibly dated now.
These ideas seem a bit dated now.
daunting
/ˈdɔːntɪŋ/
making you feel slightly frightened or worried about your ability to achieve something
(khó đến mức) làm thoái chí, làm nản chí
Ví dụ:
She has the daunting task of cooking for 20 people every day.
Starting a new job can be a daunting prospect.
debilitating
/dɪˈbɪl·əˌteɪ·t̬ɪŋ/
causing weakness
Làm yếu sức, làm suy nhược.
Ví dụ:
Strokes are a common debilitating condition of old age
debris
/dəˈbriː/
broken or torn pieces of something larger
Mảnh vỡ, mảnh vụn.
Vôi gạch đổ nát.
Ví dụ:
Debris from the aircraft was scattered over a large area
Emergency teams are still clearing the debris from the plane crash.
Several people were injured by flying debris in the explosion.
decade
/ˈdekeɪd/
a period of ten years, especially a continuous period, such as 1910–1919 or 2000–2009
Thập kỷ, thập niên (thời kỳ mười năm).
Ví dụ:
Now entering her fourth decade, the singer is living alone in New York.
The past decade has seen a huge rise in the number of broadband users.
decent
/ˈdiːsnt/
of a good enough standard or quality
Kha khá, tươm tất
Tử tế, tốt.
Ví dụ:
(informal) a decent meal/job/place to live
I need a decent night’s sleep
decline
/dɪˈklaɪn/
(formal) to refuse politely to accept or to do something
Từ chối, khước từ, không nhận, không chịu
Ví dụ:
I invited him to the meeting but he declined.
I offered to give them a lift but they declined.
dedicate
/ˈdedɪkeɪt/
to give a lot of your time and effort to a particular activity or purpose because you think it is important
[synonym] devote
Cống hiến, hiến dâng; dành trọn cho
Ví dụ:
He has dedicated his life to scientific research.
The new president said she would dedicate herself to protecting the rights of the sick and the homeless.
deduce
/dɪˈduːs/
to reach an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts
Suy ra, luận ra, suy luận, suy diễn
Ví dụ:
The police have deduced that he must have left his apartment yesterday evening
Can we deduce from your silence that you do not approve?
deduction
/dɪˈdʌkʃn/
the process of reaching a decision or answer by thinking about the known facts, or the decision that is reached
Sự suy ra, sự luận ra, sự suy luận, sự suy diễn.
Điều suy luận.
Ví dụ:
He arrived at the solution by a simple process of deduction
If my deductions are correct, I can tell you who the killer was
deep
/diːp/
having a large distance from the top or surface to the bottom
very strongly felt or experienced and usually lasting a long time
Sâu
Sâu xa, sâu sắc, sâu kín, thâm trầm.
Ví dụ:
The water’s not deep here - look, I can touch the bottom
deep respect
define
/dɪˈfaɪn/
to say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase is
Định nghĩa (một từ
)
Ví dụ:
In the dictionary, “reality” is defined as “the state of things as they are, rather than as they are imagined to be”.
Before I answer your question, could you define your terms a little more (= explain what you mean by the words you have used)?
deforestation
/ˌdiːˌfɔːrɪˈsteɪʃn/
the cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of forests by people
Sự phá rừng
Ví dụ:
Deforestation is destroying large areas of tropical rain forest
land erosion caused by widespread deforestation
deftly
/ˈdeftli/
in a skilful way
Khéo léo
Ví dụ:
I threw her a towel which she deftly caught
They deftly avoided answering my questions.
