7. Tumourigenesis and cancer signalling Flashcards
Definition of neoplasia
new growth
defintion of grading
degree of differentiation
definition of staging
size and spread of tumour
definiton of metaplasia
reversible replacement of one cell type with another
what is dysplasia
altered cell maturation, orientation and tissue architecture
what is anaplasia
lack of differentiation
3 examples of oncogenic viruses
- human papillomavirus
- epstein-barr virus
- hep c and hep b
what cancer can human papillomavirus cause?
cervical cancer
what cancer can epstein - barr virus cause?
Burkitt’s lymphoma
what cancer can Hep B and C cause?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
4 examples of familial syndromes
- Li-fraumeni
- retinoblastoma
- breast cancer
- familial adenomatous polyposis
what cancer can li-farumeni causse?
breast, leukaemia, brain tumour
what mutation causes Li-Fraumeni syndrome
p53
what mutation causes retinoblastoma
pRb - RB1
what mutation causes familial adenomatous polyposis
APC gene
3 stages of carcinogenesis
- initation
- promotion
- propagation
what is initiation?
carcinogen causes non-lethal mutations
what is promotion?
cell proliferation - additional mutations accumulate