16. female hormonal control of reproduction and infertility Flashcards
how long is the ovulatory phase?
36hrs
4 phases of menstrual cycle
- menstruation
- follicular
- obuvalory
- luteal
during ovulation which 2 hormones increase and which decrease?
increase - Oestrogen and progesterone
decrease - LH and FSH
2 functions of oestrogen
- endometrial proliferation
2. maturation of vaginal epithelium
describe feedback of oestrogen
follicular = negative feedback ovulatory = positibe feedback
describe pathway of how oestrogen is produced
- hypo - GnRH
- Ant pit - LH and FSH
- ovary follicle - oestradiol
what produces inhibin?
follicle
what produces progesterone?
corpus luteum
function of progesterone
- increase in body T
2. thick cervical mucus secretion
what occurs during follicular phase
- FSH causes growth of follicle
- follicle secretes oestrodiol
- inhibin + oestrodiol cause negative feedback on FSH
- FSH decreases
what occurs during the ovulatory phase
- oestrdiol causes positive feedback
- LH surge
- oocyte maturation
- release of ovum
what occurs during the luteal phase?
- follicles become corpus luteum
- CL secrete oestraoil and progesterone
- progesterone maintains endometrium
- CL involutes by macrophage
- oestradiol + prog decline
- menstruation
- loss of negative feedback
- FSH rises
what does the ovum secrete (fertilised)?
human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)
role of hCG?
maintains Corpus luteum
what is precocious puberty
puberty before age of 8
2 causes of precocious puberty
- brain tumour - increase in FSH/LH
2. ovarian tumour - increase in oestrogen
5 causes of delayed puberty
- consititutinal delay
- hypothalamic disease
- ovarian diease
- pituitary disease
- chronic illness
what is hypothalamic disease?
LHRH deficinecy
5 causes of hypothalamic disease
- eating disorder
- stress
- chronic illness
- cranial irradiation
- brain tumour
what syndrome can hypothalamic disease cause?
Kallman’s - anosmia
what disease can haemochromatosis (iron overload) lead to?
hypopituitarism
what is polycystic ovary syndrome?
High LH
what is hyperpro-lactinaemia?
high levels of prolactin inhibit ovulation
how to treat hyperpro-lactinaemia?
DA agonists
