7-Temporal Region and Pharynx brainscape

Question 1

Articular disc of the TMJ

Answer 1

divides the joint cavity into upper and lower sections allowing for both hinge joint movement and gliding

Question 2

Borders of the Infratemporal Fossa

Answer 2

Laterally: ramus of mandible Medial: Lateral pterygoid plate Anteriorly: Posterior aspect of maxilla Posteriorly: Tympanic plate, mastoid & styloid process of temporal bone Superiorly: Inferior surface of greater wing of sphenoid Inferiorly: where pterygoid muscle attaches to the mandible near its angle

Question 3

Branches of the third part of the maxillary artery

Answer 3

1) Middle meningeal 2) Infraorbital 3) Superior & inferior dental arteries

Question 4

Contents of the Infratemporal Region

Answer 4

Muscles: lateral & medial pterygoid, part of temporalis Vessels: Maxillary artery, pterygoid venous plexus Nerves: mandibular (V3), inferior alveolar (V3), lingual (V3), Buccal (V3), chorda tympani (CN VII), otic ganglion

Question 5

Contents of the Pterygopalatine Fossa

Answer 5

*Maxillary artery & beginning of branches *Maxillary nerve associated with the nerve of the pterygoid canal and the pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 6

Divisions of the Pharynx

Answer 6

Nasopharynx: From choncae of nasal cavities to soft palate Oropharynx: From soft palate to upper marginof epiglottis Laryngopharynx: From superior margin of epiglottis to top of Esophagus at CVI

Question 7

From what does the middle meningeal artery arise?

Answer 7

Maxillary artery, which is a branch off the external carotid

Question 8

Innervation of the Laryngopharynx

Answer 8

Motor: Pharyngeal plexus Sensory: CN X via internal laryngeal

Question 9

Innervation of the Nasopharynx (Motor & Sensory)

Answer 9

Motor: all muscles from pharyngeal plexus, IX, X, and XI except for tensor palatine (V3) Sensory: CN V2 (maxillary), Greater palatine & nasopalatine

Question 10

Innervation to Oropharynx

Answer 10

Motor: Pharyngeal plexus (mostly vagus) except for the stylopharyngeus (IX) Sensory: CN IX

Question 11

Isthmus of Fauces

Answer 11

constricted space between oral cavity proper and oropharynx - guarded by palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

Question 12

Laryngopharynx

Answer 12

Laryngeal inlet guarded by the epiglottis, with piriform recesses located laterally (depressions)

Question 13

Level of vertebrae at cricoid cartilage

Answer 13

C6 –> esophagus begins here

Question 14

Ligaments of the TMJ

Answer 14

Sphenomandibular & stylomandibular- support the joint but are a distance from the joint itself

Question 15

Lymph tissue of the nasopharynx and clinical correlate

Answer 15

Pharyngeal tonsil: enlarged = adenoids

Question 16

Motor Innervation of the Pharynx

Answer 16

Pharyngeal Plexus: (IX & X) most muscles except stylopharyngeus (IX only) and tensor veli palatini (V3) Glossopharyngeal: Stylopharyngeus Mandibular: Tensor veli palatini External Laryngeal: May innervate the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Question 17

Muscles for closing the mouth

Answer 17

Temporalis Sling of masseter & medial pterygoid muscles

Question 18

Muscles involved in opening the mouth

Answer 18

Lateral Pterygoid Mylohyoid Digastric muscles

Question 19

Muscles of the Laryngopharynx

Answer 19

Inferior constrictor

Question 20

Muscles of the Nasopharynx

Answer 20

*Salpingopharyngeus *Palatopharyngeus *Palateglossus *Muscular uvulae *Levator palatine *Tensor palatine *Superior constrictors

Question 21

Muscles of the Oropharynx

Answer 21

*Palatoglossal & Palatopharyngeal folds *Stylopharyngeus *Middle constrictors

Question 22

Muscles of the soft palate & Innervation

Answer 22

*Levator veli palatini - X *Tensor veli palatini - V3 (both tensor muscles) *Palatopharyngeus - X *Palatoglossus - X *Muscular uvulae All palate muscles X except for Tensor Veli Palatini = V3

Question 23

Opening of the Eustachian tube into the nasopharynx

Answer 23

overhung by mucous membrane folds (salpingopharyngeal fold) and tubal elevations (muscles)- connection of nasopharynx to the middle ear, equalizes pressure

Question 24

Origins of the pharynx constrictor muscles

Answer 24

Superior: Mandible/sphenoid Middle: Hyoid Inferior: Thyroid/crichoid cartilage

Question 25

Palatine Tonsils

Answer 25

located between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds. Consists of lymph tissue, usually larger in children

Question 26

Protraction movement of jaw - muscles?

Answer 26

Masseter Pterygoids

Question 27

Retraction movement of jaw muscles

Answer 27

Temporalis Masseter

Question 28

Roots & Branches of the Mandibular Nerve (V3)

Answer 28

*After foramen ovale gives off two branches, 1) branch to nervus spinosus (sensory) and 2) nerve to medial pterygoid muscle (motor) *Then two trunks Anterior: masseteric nerve, deep temporal nerve, buccal nerve, lateral pterygoid nerve Posterior: Auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar, and motor branch to mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscles

Question 29

Sensory Branches of V3

Answer 29

BAIL Buccal (long buccal nerve, other buccal nerve is motor branchf off of VII) Auriculotemporal Inferior alveolar Lingual

Question 30

Sensory Innervation of the Pharynx

Answer 30

Nasopharynx: Maxillary (V2) Oropharynx: Glossopharyngeal (IX) Laryngopharynx: Internal Laryngeal (X)

Question 31

Side to Side movement of the jaw - muscles?

Answer 31

Temporalis Masseter Pterygoid of contralateral side

Question 32

Temporomandibular joint

Answer 32

modified hinge joint betwee the mandibular fossa and the condyloid process

Question 33

Vessels & Lymph to Palatine Tonsils

Answer 33

Arterial: facial, maxilary, ascending pharyngeal, lingual arteries Venous: into IJV/facial maybe Lymph: Upper Deep Cervical Nodes

Question 34

What is the course of the chorda tympani

Answer 34

*Branches from CN VII intracranially *Passes by middle ear, joints lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa (branch of V3)

Question 35

Where does the nasopharynx end?

Answer 35

at the level of the soft palate (the uvula)

Question 36

Which nerves are located close to the TMJ?

Answer 36

1) Auriculotemporal nerve 2) Otic ganglion

Question 37

Which pterygoid is better for larger chewing movmenets? smaller grinding movements?

Answer 37

Larger = Lateral Smaller = Medial