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HNSS > 6-Cranial Nerves brainscape > Flashcards

6-Cranial Nerves brainscape Flashcards

1
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Inflammation of the facial nerve near hte stylomastoid foramen, compression of nerve

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2
Q

Bitemporal hermianopsia

A

loss of vision of one half of hte visual side of both eyes

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3
Q

Branches of V1

A

Nasal Lacrimal Frontal –> supratrochlear and supraorbital

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4
Q

Branches of V2

A

Zygomaticofacial Zygomaticotemporal Infraorbital

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5
Q

Branches of V3

A

Mental Buccal Auricotemporal Lingual

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6
Q

Branches of VII (Intra & Extracranial)

A

Intracranial : 1) Greater Petrosal (parasymp to glands & sinuses) 2) Nerve to stapedius 3) Chorda tympani (to glands and SA for taste) Extracranial: distal to the stylomastoid foramen To Zanzibar By Motor Car Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal Cervical

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7
Q

Branchial Motor- Function & Nerves

A

Motor innervation to skeletal muscles derived from pharyngeal arch mesoderm V- Trigeminal VII- Facial IX- Glossopharyngeal X- Vagus

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8
Q

Ciliary Ganglion- Preganglionic Parasympathetic, Postganglionic Sympathetic, General Sensory

A

Preganglionic Parasympathetic: Oculomotor (III) Postganglionic Sympathetic: from the internal carotid General Sensory: Opthalamic (V1) Target Organ: Ciliaris, Sphincter pupillae, Iris

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9
Q

Components of the Ganglia of the H/N

A

1) Motor Root (GVE parasympathetic III, VII, IX or X presynaptic root that synapses there, postsynaptic emerges) 2) Sensory Root (GSAfrom one of the main divisions of CN V) 3) Postganglionic sympathetic root

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10
Q

Consensual pupillary action

A

shine light in a pupil, the other one constricts with it

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11
Q

Cranial Accessory Nerve

A

Motor innervation to the larynx, palate, and cardiac branches

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12
Q

Damage to VII

A

*Most common injured cranial nerve *Paralysis of ipsilateral side *Loss of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue *Alter secretions of lacrimal and salivary glands *Loss of corneal reflex

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13
Q

Diplopia

A

double vision

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14
Q

Direct Pupillary Action

A

shine light into pupil, that pupil constricts

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15
Q

Divisions of the Oculomotor nerve

A

Superior - Levator Palpebrae Superioris & Superior Rectus Inferior- Inferior Rectus, Inferior oblique, medial rectus & carries preganglionic fibers to the ciliary ganglion

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16
Q

Extraoclear Eye Muscles

A

Superior Oblique (IV) Inferior Oblque (III) Superior Rectus (III) Superior Rectus (III) Inferior Rectus (III) Medial Rectus (III) Lateral Rectus (VI)

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17
Q

Foramens of CN VII

A

Internal acoustic Meatus & Stylomastoid foramens

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18
Q

From what region does the parasympathetic of the autonomic ganglia in HN arise?

A

Craniosacral region (the parasympathetic cranial nerves)

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19
Q

From what region does the sympathetic innervation of the HN arise?

A

Thoracolumbar region

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20
Q

Function of Auricular branch of Vagus Nerve

A

General sensory to auricle, external acoustic meatus, and tympanic membrane

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21
Q

Function of CN III

A

Somatic Motor: Superior, medial, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae) Visceral Motor:(parasympathetic) ciliaris & sphincter papillae (accommodation of the lens & pupil constriction)

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22
Q

Function of CN IV

A

Somatic Motor- to superior oblique muscle

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23
Q

Function of CN IX

A

Visceral Afferent: from carotid body and sinus, posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, soft palate, middle ear Special Sensory: From posterior 1/3 of tongue Visceral Efferent: parasymp to parotid gland BE: to stylopharyngeus muscle

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24
Q

Function of CN VI

A

Innervates lateral rectus muscle

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25
Q

Function of CN X

A

Somatic Afferent: from external acoustic meatus and skin posterior to ear Visceral Afferent: from aortic body & aortic arch receptors, dura of posterior cranial fossapharynx, larynx, viscera of thorax & most of abdomen Special: Taste from epiglottis Visceral Efferent: parasymp to pharynx, larynx, viscera of thorax and most of abdomen BE: to palatoglossus, most of muscles of pharynx and palate, and laryngeal muscles

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26
Q

Function of External Laryngeal branch of Vagus Nerve

A

Motor innervation to cricothyroid muscle

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27
Q

Function of Internal Laryngeal branch of Vagus Nerve

A

General sensory to mucosa of larynx above the vocal cords General sensory and taste to the posterior part of tongue and epiglottis

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28
Q

Function of Pharyngeal branch of Vagus Nerve

A

*Motor innervation to all pharyngeal muscles except the Stylopharyngeus (IX) *Motor innervation to all palatine muscles, except the tensor veli palatini (V3)

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29
Q

Function of Recurrent Laryngeal branch of Vagus Nerve

A

General sensory to the larynx below the vocal cords Motor to laryngeal muscles, except cricothyroid

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30
Q

Function of the nerve to the carotid body branch of the vagus nerve

A

sensory innervation to the carotid body, sensor of blood O2 content

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31
Q

Function of V3 Pharyngeal Innervation

A

*Muscles of mastication 1) Masseter 2) Temporalis 3) Medial pterygoid 4) Lateral ptyerigoid*Tensor tympani *Tensor veli palatini *Anterior belly of digastric *Mylohyoid

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32
Q

Function of VII

A

Somatic Afferent: External auditory meatus Special: Taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue Visceral Efferent: Parasympathetic: to sublingual and submandibular glands, lacrimal gland, and mucous glands BE: muscels of facial expression, stapedius, posterior belly of digastric, and sylohyoid

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33
Q

Function of XII

A

Somatic Efferent: To all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus

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34
Q

General Sensation and Taste innervation of the tongue

A

CN X = Internal laryngeal specifically

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35
Q

General Somatic Afferent nerves - Function & Nerves

A

Perception of touch, pain, temperature V- Trigeminal VII- Facial IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vagus

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36
Q

General Somatic Efferent nerves- Function & Nerves

A

Motor innervation to voluntary muscles III- Oculomotor IV- Trochlear VI- Abducent XI- Accessory XII- Hypoglossal

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37
Q

General Visceral Afferent - Function & Nerves

A

Sensory input from viscera IX- Glossopharyngeal X- Vagus

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38
Q

General Visceral Efferent- Function & Nerves

A

Motor innervation to smoth muscle, heart and glands Oculomotor (III) Facial (VII) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X)

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39
Q

Herpes Zoster

A

Shingles- virus remains latent in sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion

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40
Q

Homonymous hemianopsia

A

visual loss in similar fields

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41
Q

how does the facial nerve exit the cranium

A

stylomastoid foramen

42
Q

How to test CN X

A

Uvula will deviate away from afflicated side due to unopposed action of levator veli palatini (

43
Q

How to test CN XII

A

1) Articulation of speech 2) Atrophy of tongue 3) Stick out tongue –> Deviation to affected side

44
Q

Injury to the Trigeminal Nerve

A

1) Loss of corneal reflex 2) Paralysis of muscles of mastication, jaw deviates to affected side 3) Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureaux) - pain V1 & V2 area of face

45
Q

Lesion to abducens

A

eye will deviate towards the nose (paralysis of lateral rectus)

46
Q

Lesion to the Trochlear Nerve

A

Strabismus- person cannot look inferolaterally –> double vision when looking down

47
Q

Lesions of the Oculomotor Nerve

A

*Dilated pupil- due to damage to parasymp to sphincter, dilator pupillae unopposed *“down and out” gaze - unopposed SO & LR muscles *Ptsosis- loss of levator palpebrae *Loss of accommodation reflex (paralysis of ciliary muscle)

48
Q

Location of the ciliary ganglion

A

posterior orbit of the eye, between the optic nerve and the lateral rectus

49
Q

Location of the Otic Ganglion

A

immediately inferior to the foramen ovale, between the tensor veli palatini muscle and Mandibular nerve (V)

50
Q

Location of the Pterygopalatine Ganglion

A

Pterygo-palatine fossa, hanging form Maxillary Nerve (V2)

51
Q

Location of the submandibular ganglion

A

Above the deep portion of the submandibular gland, on hyoglossus muscle, hanging from the lingual nerve (from V3)

52
Q

Location of the trigeminal ganglion

A

apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone in the middle cranial fossa

53
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Masseter Temporalis Medial Pterygoid Lateral Pterygoid

54
Q

Mydriasis

A

dilation of the pupil

55
Q

Otic Ganglion- Postganglionic Sympathetic, Preganglionic Parasympathetic, General Sensory

A

Preganglionic Parasympathetic- Tympanic nerve from Lesser Petrosal Nerve (IX) Postganglionic Sympathetic: general from external carotid General Sensory: Mandibular (V3)

56
Q

Parasympathetic Ganglion in the HN

A

Ciliary Submandibular Pterygopalatine Otic

57
Q

Pterygopalatine Ganglion- Postganglionic sympathetic, preganglionic parasympathetic, general sensory

A

Preganglionic Parasympathetic: Greater Petrosal Nerve (VII) Postganglionic Sympathetic: Deep petrosal nerve (from internal carotid) General Sensory: Maxillary (V2)

58
Q

Special Afferent - Function & Nerves

A

Smell, Taste, Vision, Hearing, Balance I, II, VII, VIII, IX, X

59
Q

Spinal Accessory Nerve

A

SCM & Trap

60
Q

Strabismus

A

affected eye moves in different directions without proper control due to a cranial nerve lesion that paralyzes the extraoclear muscles

61
Q

Submandibular Ganglion- Preganglionic parasympathetic, Postganglionic Sympathetic, General Sensory

A

Preganglionic Parasympathetic: Chorda tympani (VII) Postganglionic Sympathetic: from external carotid General Sensory: Lingual nerve (V3)

62
Q

Target of the Pterygopalatine Ganglion

A

Lacrimal gland, nasal cavitiy, palate, pharynx *Produces hayfever symptoms, wine tasting, tearing up

63
Q

Target Organ of CIliary Ganglion

A

*Sphincter pupillae *Ciliaris muscle

64
Q

Target Organ of the Otic Ganglion

A

Parotid Gland for salivation

65
Q

Target Organs of the Submandibular Gland

A

Submandibular & Sublingual glands

66
Q

Terminal Branches of the Parotid Plexus

A

Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical (also a posterior auricular branch)

67
Q

Test for CII

A

Pupillary Light Reflex Afferent = CII, Efferent = CIII

68
Q

Test for CN XI

A

Inability of a patient to elevate shoulder against resistance (do not test for cranial accessory)

69
Q

Testing C1

A

Smell test with normal compound (ie coffee) one nostril at at ime

70
Q

Testing CN VIII

A

*Tuning fork in front of ear, then in front of bone. If hear in against bone then nerve is intact *Or stand to see if they sway and lose balance

71
Q

Testing CV

A

Touch: Forehead (V1) Cheek (V2) Chin (V3) Corneal Reflex Afferent CV, Efferent CII

72
Q

Testing CVII

A

Muscles of fascial expression Taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue

73
Q

Trigeminal Ganglion

A

Sits at apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone in the middle cranial fossa (Meckel’s Cave) in the dura mater *Contains cell bodies for sensory neurons in the trigeminal nerve

74
Q

V3 Muscle Supply

A

Muscles of Mastication Anterior Belly of Digastric Mylohoid Tensor veli palatini Tensor tympani

75
Q

VII motor innervation

A

muscles of facial expression Posterior belly of digastric stapedius

76
Q

What are the components of the cavernous sinus?

A

III (Oculomotor) IV (Trochlear) V1, V2 (Trigeminal) VI (Abducens) Internal Carotid artery

77
Q

What are the cranial nerves of the forebrain?

A

CN I & CN II

78
Q

What are the cranial nerves of the medulla oblongata?

A

CNs IX, X, XI, XII

79
Q

What are the cranial nerves of the midbrain?

A

CNs III & IV

80
Q

What are the cranial nerves of the Pons?

A

CNs V, VI, VII, VIII

81
Q

What are the functions (motor, sensory, both) of the trigeminal branches?

A

V1 & V2 = sensory, V3= mixed

82
Q

What can injure the trigeminal nerve?

A

Trauma Tumors Aneurysms Meningeal infections

83
Q

What CN are responsible for muscular contractions associated with gagging?

A

CN IX and X

84
Q

What is the only nerve that does not exit the cranial cavity?

A

CN VIII

85
Q

What is the only nerve to exit from the dorsal (posterior) surface of the brainstem?

A

Trochlear

86
Q

What is the path of the vagus out of the skull?

A

Emerges from jugular foramen and descends within carotid sheath, behind and between internal jugular vein and internal/common carotrid artery

87
Q

What is the result of a lesion to the right optic nerve

A

blindness in the right eye

88
Q

What is the result of a vision in the optic chiasm?

A

Reduction in peripheral vision (ie Bitemporal hermianopsia)

89
Q

What ist he largest cranial nerve?

A

Trigeminal

90
Q

What supplies the cornea?

A

V1

91
Q

What will be the effect of a lesion on the right optic tract?

A

Loss of vision from left visual field on both sides (Left homonymous hermianopsia)

92
Q

Where does CNVIII emerge?

A

Junction of the pons & medulla

93
Q

Where does frontal branch of V1 exit the skull?

A

Supraorbital foramen/notch

94
Q

Where does the abducens nerve emerge from the brainstem?

A

Between the pons and medulla

95
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the cranium?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

96
Q

Where does V2 exit the cranial cavity?

A

Intraorbital foramen

97
Q

Where does V3 exit the cranium

A

Mental Foramen

98
Q

Where will damage to the facial nerve at teh stylomastoid foramen manifest in paralysis?

A

The ipsilateral side (same side)

99
Q

Which cranial nerve does not originate from the brain?

A

Accessory (XI)

100
Q

Which nerve has the longest cranial course? what are the implications of this?

A

Abducens –> can become stretched when intracranial pressure rises

101
Q

Which nerves have parasympathetic nature?

A

III (Oculomotor) VII (Facial) IX (Glossopharyngeal) X (Vagus)

HNSS (17 decks)

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