13-Histology of the Eye Flashcards
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Sclera
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Sclera
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Corneal epithelium
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Junction between Descemet’s Membrane & Endothelium of the Cornea
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Choroid
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Choroid
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Ciliary Process
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Ciliary Process
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Zonule Fibers of the Ciliary Body
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Zonule fibers of the ciliary body
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The Iris
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Iris
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The Retina
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The Retina paste-9590661972338.jpg
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Photoreceptors
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Photoreceptors
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Photoreceptors
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Photoreceptors
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a= bipolar cell b= ganglion cell c= amacrine cell
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A= Optic Disc
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Depression= Fovea
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L= Lens
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C= Lens capsule E= Lens epithelium
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Conjunctiva
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aqeuous humor
low-protein fluid that is secreted by ciliary epithelium and located in the anterior and posterior chambers (between the lens and the cornea) \*Functions to maintain intraocular pressure
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Axes of the Eye:
Visual- from lens to fovea Anatomicfrom middle of lens to the back
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Bruch's Membrane
layer above the choriocapillaris that is responsible for the blood barrier
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Choroid - also its layers
Located between the sclera & retina's pigmented epithelium Loose connective CT, highly vascularized & pigmented \*Has melanocytes that produce Black color 1) Choroidal stroma (not vascularized) 2) Choricocapillaris
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Ciliary Body
Made of up the ciliary muscle & ciliary processes- \*Epithelium- lots of microvilli
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Ciliary Muscle
group of smooth muscle which aid in accommodation fo the lens. Innervated by ciliary ganglion
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Ciliary Processes
1) Anchor cite for zonule fibers that are attached to the lens and used for accommodation & focus 2) Produce aqueous humor, and help to drain aqueous humor
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Components of the Middle Vascular Region
Uvea1) Iris 2) Ciliary Body 3) Choroid \*All the tissues are pigmented, but they do not have light sensitive cells
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Components of the Tunica Fibrosa
1) Sclera 2) Chornea
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Cones
respond to different colors \*Used for daytime vision & visual acuity
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Conjunctiva
transparent mucous membrane that covers the exposed portion of sclera & inner surface of eyelids goblet cells \*Bulbar conjunctiva - on the eye's surface, Palpebral conjunctiva- on the inner eyelid surface
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Consequence of a blocked Canal of Schlemm
Glaucoma
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Cornea
Transparent, anterior 1/6 of the eye- avascular
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Drainage of the Aqueous Humor
From the anterior chamnber it trackels through the Trabecular meshwork and then into the Canal of Schlemm
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Fovea Centralis
\*\*Depression on inner retinal surface where there is an avascular zone in which the photoreceptor layer is only cones - responsible for sharp cenral vision (ie reading/driving). Located at the center of the macula lutea
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Glands of the Eyelid
Meibomian- sebaceous to reduce tear film evaporation Glands of Moll- sweat glands into eyelash follicles Glands of Zeis- sebaceous to eyelash
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Iris
colored diaphragm bordering pupil, with two muscles: 1) Sphincter = parasympathetic from ciliary ganglion 2) Dilator = sympathetic from superior cervical ganglion \*\*color of eye depends on iris Note: anterior chamber is between the cornea and iris, posterior chamber is between the iris and the lens
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Layers of the Cornea
From outer to inner:1) Corneal Epithelium = non-keratinized stratified squamous 2) Bowman's Membrane- cell free, thick BM 3) Substantia propria (stroma) - 90% of corneal thickness, lots of collagen 4) Descemet's Membrane 5) Endothelium = simple cuboidal epithelium
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Layers of the Eye
Outer- Tunica Fibrosa Middle- Tunica Vasculosa (Uvea) Inner- Retina (nervous)
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Layers of the Retina
1) Pigmented epithelium - monolayer, nutritional support 2) Outer & Inner segments of Photoreceptors - cones & rods 3) External Nuclear Layer - photoreceptor nuclei 4) External Plexiform Layer- photoreceptors synapse with other cells 5) Inner Nuclear Layer- nuclei of horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, & Muller glial cells (Muller = supportive) 6) Internal Pleixform Layer- where ganglion cells synapse with other cells 7) Ganglion Cell Layer 8) Nerve Fiber Layer- axons of ganglion cells come together to form optic nerve
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Lens
elastic, avasulcar tissue that consists of a capsule, epithelium, and many fibers
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Lens Capsule
thick and transparent layer of the lens
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Lens Epithelium
Single cuboidal layer in the lens
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Limbus
Corneal-Scleral junction- stem cells located here!
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Optic disc
blind spot, result of penetration of optic nerve through retina
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Ora Serrata
Serrated junction between the retina & pigmented cells of the ciliary body- marks transition from simple, photosensitive area of retina, to more complex, photosensitive
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Rods
respond to light intensity only, used for night & peripheral vision \*\*mostly at the periphery
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Sclera
Posterior 5/6 fo the eye (of the tunica fibrosa) \*Dense CT with Type I Collagen bundles \*White inc olor, very few blood vessels
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Types of Retinal Cells
Bipolar- synapse with photoreceptors on one side, ganglion on the other Horizontal Amacrine- can synapse with several cells at once = messenger cells between photoreceptors & ganglion cells
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What effect does carotid artery atherosclerosis have on the eye?
occlusion of the central artery of the retina
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Why can corneal transplants happen without rejection?
Cornea is avascular!
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parotid gland
mostly serous
what looks like mucous is actually fat that accumulates with age
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submandibular gland
mainly serous but has some mucous component
responsible for 70 % of saliva
has demilunes
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striated ducts
very pink bc they pick up a lot of stain
They recieve contents from intercalated ducts
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what structure does mixing of serous with mucous
semilunar structures called serous demilunes
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sublingual gland
mainly mucous, few serous components
underdeveloped in the sense that its capsule is very thin and there are few intercalated and striated ducts
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table comparing major salivary glands
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excretory duct of parotid
stenson's duct
at level of 2nd upper molar
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Wharton's duct
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sublingual gland excretory duct
bartholin's duct
