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HNSS > 11-orbit brainscape > Flashcards

11-orbit brainscape Flashcards

1
Q
A

1) Lacrimal canaliculus 2) Lacrimal sac 3) Nasolacrimal duct 4) Lacrimal puncta 5) Lacrimal gland 6) Tendon of levator palpebrae superioris muscle

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2
Q
A

1) Superior Oblique 2) Supratrochlear 3) Supraorbital 4) Levator palepebrae superior 5) Superior rectus 6) Lacrimal gland 7) Lateral rectus 8) Lacrimal nerve 9) Frontal 10) Trochlear 11) V1 12) Medial Rectus

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3
Q

Abductors of the Eye

A

Lateral Rectus Superior Oblique Inferior Oblique

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4
Q

Adductors of the eye

A

Medial Rectus Inferior Rectus Superior Rectus

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5
Q

Bones of the Orbit

A

1) Frontal 2) Optic Canal 3) Ethmoidal Foramina 4) Ethmoid Bone 5) Lacrimal Groove 6) Ethmoid Bone 7) Palatine Bone 8) Maxilla 9) Inferior orbital fissure 10) Zygomatic bone 11) Greater wing of sphenoid 12) Superior orbital fissure 13) Lesser Wing of Sphenoid

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6
Q

Chalazion

A

Inflamed tarsal glands

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7
Q

Conjunctival sac

A

potential space between eyeball & eyelides

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8
Q

Consequence of pushing an object through the floor of the obrit

A

Entrance into the maxillary sinus

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9
Q

Consequence of pushing an object through the medial wall of the obrit

A

Entrance into the ethmoidal sinus

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10
Q

Conseuqnece of pushing an object in an anterior to posterior direction of the obrit

A

Middle Cranial fossa

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11
Q

Cornea vs sclera

A

Cornea= transparent anterior 1/6 coat of eyebal Sclera= whitish, opaque, posterior 5/6 of the outer coat of eyeball

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12
Q

Course of the Oculomotor Nerve to the Eye

A

1) Through lateral wall of the cavernous sinus then through superior orbital fissure 2) Divides into superior & inferior branches before entering the orbit

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13
Q

Depressors of the Eye

A

Inferior Rectus Superior Oblique

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14
Q

Effect of lesion of CN VII on eye

A

orbicularis oculi cannot close eyelid fully, so protective rapid blinking may be lost

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15
Q

Elevators of the Eye

A

Superior Rectus Inferior Oblique

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16
Q

Esotropia

A

inward deviation of the eyes

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17
Q

Exophthalmos

A

protrusion of eyeball - can occur due to a “blow out” fracture (damage of the thin medial wall) or due to tumors

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18
Q

Exotropia

A

outward deviation of the eyes

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19
Q

Heterophoria

A

latent tendency for eyes to deviate

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20
Q

Heterotropia

A

misalignment of eyes is manifest

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21
Q

Hyperemia in the eyes

A

bloodshot, vessels are dilated

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22
Q

Hypertropia/Hypotropia of the eyes

A

Hyper= upward deviation, Hypo= downward deviation

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23
Q

Iris

A

colored diaphragm seen through cornea

24
Q

Lateral & medial angle (canthi) of the eye

A

angles of the palpebral commisure

25
Q

Lateral Rotators (extorsion) of the eye

A

Superior Rectus Inferior Rectus

26
Q

Lesion of CN IV

A

Should not be able to look inferiorly when eye is adducted

27
Q

Lesion of VI

A

Cannot abduct the eye

28
Q

Lining of the bones of the orbital cavity

A

Periorbita - continuous with dura mater at the optic canal & superior orbital fissure

29
Q

Medial Rotators (intorsion) of the eye

A

Superior Oblique Inferior Oblique

30
Q

Orbital Septum & Clinical Correlate

A

Fibrous membrane from the orbital margin to the tarsus, continuous with pericranium *Fire wall that prevents spread of infection from superior fascia of eyelid to the interior of the orbit

31
Q

Order of drainage of the lacrimal gland to the nose

A

1) Lacrimal gland 2) Lacrimal lacrimalis (depression in eye that collects fluid) 3) Lacrimal papilla (projection on each eyelid) 4) Lacrimal punctum (opening on the papilla) 5) Lacrimal canaliculus - duct that drains from punctum 6) Lacrimal sac 7) Nasolacrimal duct

32
Q

Orthophoria

A

exact ocular balance

33
Q

Palpebral Comissure

A

Unites eyelids medially & laterally

34
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva:

A

mucosa covering posterior surface of eyelid: turns back on itself at the superior and inferior conjunctival fornices, where it becomes continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva

35
Q

Palpebral fissure

A

opening between lids

36
Q

Pupil

A

aperture at center of iris

37
Q

Sensory/Motor Limbs of the Blink (Corneal) Reflex

A

Afferent: CN V1 Efferent: CN VII (via orbicularis oculi muscle)

38
Q

Structure of the optic nerve

A

not actually a nerve, it is an extension of the brain covered by meninges

39
Q

Structure of the Orbit:

A

Medial walls are parallel, 25 mm apart Lateral walls are at right angles Length of both walls= 50 mm Eyeball is 25 mm long, half as long as orbit

40
Q

Structures that are found on the level of the orbits on an axial CT/MRI

A

*Ethmoidal sinus laterally *Sphenoid sinus posteriorly *Foramen spinosum, carotid canal, foramen ovale, jugular foramen, foramen magnum, crita galli/cribiform plate

41
Q

Sty

A

ciliary gland duct is blocked

42
Q

Tarsal gland

A

modified sebaceoius glands within a tarsus *Oily secretion forms surface film to reduce evaporation of tears

43
Q

Tarsal muscles

A

smooth muscle within tendon of the leavator palpebrae superioris *attaches tarsus to the upper eyelid *Sympathetic innervation from internal carotid plexus–> elevate eyelid

44
Q

Tarsus

A

Semilunar plate of dence CT between the palpebral conjunctiva and the superficial fascia

45
Q

Testing the Inferior Oblique

A

Look medially and up

46
Q

Testing the Inferior Rectus

A

Look laterally and down

47
Q

Testing the Superior Oblique

A

Look medially and down

48
Q

Testing the Superior Rectus

A

Look laterally and up

49
Q

Through which opening will a tumor of the middle cranial fossa enter the orbit from?

A

The superior orbital fissure

50
Q

Through which opening will a tumor of the temporal or infratemporal fossa enter the orbit from?

A

Inferior orbital fissure

51
Q

What are the bony boundaries of the optic canal?

A

Between the lesser wing and body of sphenoid

52
Q

What are the bony boundaries of the superior orbital fissure?

A

Between the greater and lesser wings of sphenoid

53
Q

What is the affect on the eye of a tumor in the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses?

A

erosion of the ethmoid and sphenoid bones and affect the optic nerve

54
Q

What is the communication between opthalamic vessels & arteries/veins of the face?

A

The superior opthalamic vein enters into the cavernous sinus (inferior opthalamic empties into pterygoid venous plexus) and communicate with the facial and supraorbital veins anteriorly –> can get meningitis this way

55
Q

What is the consequence of pushing an object through the roof of the orbit?

A

It will enter the anterior cranial fossa

56
Q

Where should a patient look when a surgeon is trying to enter the orbit?

A

laterally- gives more room

HNSS (17 decks)

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