7. OralComm Reviewer Flashcards
source of the message
sender
This is what is sent in a communication process
message
the process of saying the message or words to the receiver
encoding
medium of communication
channel
the process of understanding the message said by the sender
decoding
this refers to the person who got the message
receiver
response to communication
feedack
where does communication happen?
setting or situation
things that prevent/ make communication hard
barriers`
2 types of communication
verbal and nonverbal
representations of the process of communication
models of communication
one person sends a message, and another person receives it; moves in 1 direction
linear model
two way communication
interactive model
model that is always evolving
transactional model
language is a symbol (T or F)
True
etymology of the word “communication”
Communicare (Latin)
people communicate using?
language
intrapersonal comm. means?
talking to yourself
interpersonal comm. means?
talking between 2 people
group comm. means?
talking to several people
public comm. means?
communication between1 person and a big group of people.
series of dynamic activities– a cycle of actions and reactions that produces something or that leads to a particular result
process
communication that uses words in sending and receiving messages
verbal communication
2 types of verbal comm.
oral and written
written comm. is?
sending messages through written symbols, like language.
oral comm. is?
the usage of listening and speaking skills; can be formal or informal
the process of NOT using words to communicate– but rather, using facial expressions and body movements
nonvebal communication
communication that primarily uses sound
audio communication
communication that uses visual aids, or graphics we can see
visual communication
ethos is?
credibility
pathos is?
emotion
logos is?
logic
examples of linear models
aristotle, schramm, laswell, and berlo
helical model states that?
as a child your means of communication is narrow, but broadens as you grow older
what model states that NOISE can be distracting, which makes encoding and decoding a source of misunderstanding
shannon weaver model
which model compares the sender’s field of experience to the receiver’s field of experience?
schramm’s model
in the westley-maclean model, X stands for?
environmental factors
factors that influence the creation of the message
A stands for?
Sender
B stands for?
Receiver
C stands for?
Gatekeeper
editor of the message
F stands for
Feedback
X1 stands for
sensory experiences
X2 stands for
object of orientation of the speaker (encoding)
X3 stands for
decoding
example for transactional model
wood’s model
which tenet states that communication is ever changing
communication is dynamic
which tenet states that communication is never the same; every communication experience is different, even if people are saying the same thing.
communication is something you can’t take back.
communication is unrepeatable and irreversible
Communication is not received or understood at the same time– so both parties must be on the same page to understand each other
communication is contexualized
communication is something we encounter and use all the time, in any given place
communication is everywhere
communication has no beginning nor end
communication is continuous
communication is used when we buy things or enter in deals
communication is a transaction
communication is not innate, as everyone communicates differently
communication is learned
communication is the dissemination of information between individuals
communication is a sharing of meanings
communication may differ in meaning based on the person talking to you
communication has 2 levels of meaning: content and relational
systematic arrangement of letters, figures, and symbols
code
verbal symbol, distinct, meaningful element in language
word
anything associated to words
verbal
smallest, distinctive, audible unit
phoneme
in the filipino language, syllables are produced in what format?
consonant-vowel or consonant-vowel-consonant
meaningful arrangement of words; can be different in every language
syntax
represent objects or concepts
symbols
symbols don’t have meaning until we give it to them
symbols are arbitrary
symbols dont have fixed meanings
symbols are ambiguous
symbols are not concrete or tangible
symbols are abstract
we can make communication more concrete if we avoid?
overgeneralization
Use specific words to convey what you want to say; pick concrete over abstract
Strive to achieve clarity
You have to be careful in using your words when describing people’s age, gender & preferences, political affiliations, disability, religion, economic and social status, and culture
Respect individual differences
avoid generalizing people’s traits based on culture
Avoid stereotyping
resorting to using highfalutin words when talking is NOT necessary
Aspire to use words that are comprehensible to your listener or target audience
looking at all the cues ad collectively understanding how they compliement, illustrate, repeat, regulate, emphasize, support, or contradict the verbal language
Interpreting non verbal language
Visual/Sight
Communication through the eyes
Auditory
Communication through sounds
Communication through touch
Tactile or Haptic
Communication through smell
Olfactory
Gustatory
Communication through taste
Nonverbal signals with a verbal equivalent or direct verbal translation.
They are deliberate movements of the body that are consciously sent and easily translated into speech,
Emblems
Some people may refer to colloquially as “talking with your hands,”
Illustrators
Gestures used to give feedback when conversing
Regulators
body movements which reveal our affective, or emotional, state.
Affect Display
touching behaviors and movements that indicate internal states typically related to arousal or anxiety.
Adaptors
Problems that come from the sender/speaker
- Problems in Language profiency skills
- Lack of sensitivity to the receiver’s background
- Lack of preparation
- Negative perception of self and other emotional problems
words that are not considered a part of the standard vocabulary
slang
words that are used in a specific trade or profession
jargon
When we want to inform people of what we know
Informative function
When we instruct people on what to do, when and where, why, and how to do them
Instructive Function
When we want to influence other people
Persuasive function
When we want to entice and direct others to act and reach their goals
Motivation Function
Communication for pleasure and enjoyment
Aesthetic Function
Talking to someone about your problems in order to maintain a good mental health
Therapeutic Function aka Emotional Expression
Communication to maintain control over other people’s behavior
Regulation/Control
When we want to start, maintain, regulate, or end relationships
Social Interaction
most important part of the communication process
listening
Communication that takes place within a single person; talking to ourselves
Intrapersonal Communication
2 types of intrapersonal communication
- Internal Discourse: talking silently in our heads
- Solo Vocal Communication: Orally talking to ourselves
Interpersonal Communciation
What we normally think of as communication; involves a person or other people
Context that referes to the participants and what they bring into the interaction
Psychological Context
Context that concerns the relations the interactors have toward each other
Relational Context
Context that deals with the psychosocial “where”
Situational Context
Context that deals with the PHYSICAL where
Environmental Context
Context that includes all learned behaviors and rules that affect the interaction
Cultural Context
Uses ideas, images, persuasion, information, strategies, and tactics in a smart message targeted to the right audience
Public Speech
Agressive
Direct in expressing need and wants with little to no regard for other people’s thoughts
Passive
Not direct in expressing needs and wants; puts others before themselves
Passive Agressive
Makes others indirectly aware of their needs and wants– my needs and wants are more important than yours
Assertive
Clearly state needs, wants, and opinions, while still being considerate towards others.
Formal speech style; cannot be changed (Ex: Oaths, Pledges)
Frozen
Informal speech style; can be done with a friend (Ex: sharing a secret)
Intimate
Informal; can also be done with a friend (Ex: Sharing or asking for General Info)
Casual
Formal; done when asking for advice
Consultative
Formal; Done by an authority figure (Ex: SONA, Announcements)
Formal
