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chie's brainscape ^__- ☆ > 11. Physical Science Flashcards > Flashcards

11. Physical Science Flashcards

1
Q

an explosion that hypothetically started/created the universe

A

big bang

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2
Q

a single unit of a few milimeters

A

singularity

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3
Q

4 formed elements after the big bang

A

matter time space energy

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4
Q

as the universe cools, protons and neutrons fuse to form heavily atomic nuclei

A

nucleosysnthesis

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5
Q

the 1st element

A

helium

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6
Q

2 eras

A

radiation and matter

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7
Q

era with abundance in radiation

A

radiation era

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8
Q

era with formulation of matter

A

matter era

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9
Q

epochs in the radiation era

A

planck, grand unifying, inflationary, electroweak, quark, hadron, electron, nuclear (p, g, i, e, q, h, e, n)

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10
Q

immediately afte the bigbang, temp of 10^40 K

A

Planck epoch

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11
Q

what are the superforces?

A

weak, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, gravity (w, e, s, g)

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12
Q

10^-43 secs after the bigbang
10^36K

A

Grand unification epoch

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13
Q

what broke away in the grand unification epoch?

A

gravity

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14
Q

expansion of the universe
10^33k
10^-36 seconds after bigbang

A

inflationary epoch

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15
Q

10^20 k
10^-32 seconds
superforces split off

A

electroweak epoch

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16
Q

10^16k
20^-12 seconds after bigbang
formation of particles (quarks) that will create the subatomic particles

A

quark epoch

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17
Q

10^10k
10^4 secs after bigbang
universe cooled down enough for quarks to bind, therefore making the subatomic particles

A

hadron epoch

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18
Q

10k
100 secs after bigbang

A

nuclear epoch

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19
Q

epochs in the matter era

A

atomic stellar galactic

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20
Q

atomic

A

formation of atoms

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21
Q

formation of stars

A

stellar

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22
Q

formation of galaxies

A

galactic

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23
Q

for the light elements ( h, he, li, be)

A

bigbang nucleosynthesis

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24
Q

heavier elements (B, to Fe 56)

A

stellar formation and evolution

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25
Q

elements heavier than Fe 57

A

supernova/stellar explosion

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26
Q

introduced the term atomos

A

democritus

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27
Q

considered the father of modern atomic theory

A

john dalton

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28
Q

proposed that electrons spin around a nucleus and are located at a certain orbital

A

Niels bohr

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29
Q

plum pudding model proponent

A

jj thomson

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30
Q

he found out that the mass of the atoms is due to the weight of the positive central atom

A

ernest rutherford

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31
Q

discovered the neutrons

A

james chadwick

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32
Q

stronger than london dispersion force; found in polar molecules

A

dipole dipole force

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33
Q

regulate the transfer of many substances

A

plasma membrane protein

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34
Q

minimum energy required to react

A

activation energy

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35
Q

primary components of plant cell wall

A

cellulose

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36
Q

atomos means

A

indivisible

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37
Q

according to democritus what are the 4 qualities of the atom?

A

indivisible, indestructible, homogenous, invisible

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38
Q

according to dalton, atoms are?

A

solid spheres

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39
Q

qualities of an atom according to dalton

A
  1. matter is made of tiny, indivisible atoms
  2. atoms of the same element are the same
  3. atoms of different elements differ
  4. atoms combine in simple, whole # ratio
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40
Q

electrons are surrounded in a pudding of positive charge

A

plum pudding model

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41
Q

who discovered the proton

A

rutherford

42
Q

nuclear model proponent

A

ernest rutherforf

43
Q

what was bohr’s model

A

bohr’s electron orbits

44
Q

electrons occupy particular orbits/shells around the nucleus

A

bohr’s electron orbits

45
Q

what gives the weight of the atom?

A

nucleus

46
Q

atomic number =?

A

protons and electrons

47
Q

how to get the neutron

A

mass - p+

48
Q

how to get the mass?

A

p+ + n0

49
Q

allows atoms to attain their stability by completing the reuqired electrons in the outermost shell

A

chemical bonds

50
Q

chemical bonds can be?

A

ionic or covalent

51
Q

2 types of covalent bonds?

A

polar and non polar

52
Q

asymmetrical, polar or non polar?

A

polar

53
Q

equal sharing of electrons, polar or non polar?

A

non polar

54
Q

en diff is 0.5-2.0

A

polar

55
Q

en diff is 0-0.4

A

non polar

56
Q

symmetric, polar or nonpolar?

A

nonpolar

57
Q

en diff is 2.1 above

A

ionic bond

58
Q

covalent _____ electrons

A

shares

59
Q

ionic ______ electrons

A

gives off

60
Q

forces that help molecules attract each other

A

intermolecular forces

61
Q

instantaneous dipole; when electrons get excited, they sometimes stay on 1 side of the molecule

A

london dispersion force

62
Q

electrons are not evenly distributed/shared in this force

A

dipole dipole force

63
Q

strongest force

A

hydrogen bonding

64
Q

what are the highly electronegative atoms?a

A

atoms made up of: n, o, fl

65
Q

force within a molecule

A

intramolecular force

66
Q

between a molecule

A

intermolecular force

67
Q

solids and liquids have a _____ IMF

A

high

68
Q

IMF determines the ______ and _______ points

A

boiling and melting

69
Q

general name for IMF

A

van der waals forces

70
Q

building components of life

A

biomolecules

71
Q

building blocks

A

monomer

72
Q

carbs; pasta or bread; fast source of energy

A

carbohydrates

73
Q

monomer for carbs

A

monosaccharides

74
Q

fats; butter, oil, cholesterol

A

lipids

75
Q

building blocks for lipids

A

fatty acids and glycerol

76
Q

for muscle building; beans, milk

A

proteins

77
Q

monomer for protein

A

amino acids

78
Q

dna, rna; codig of traits

A

nucleic acids

79
Q

monomer for nucleic acid

A

nucleotides

80
Q

biomolecule structure

A

c= carbon
h=hydrogen
o=oxygen
n=nitrogen
p=phosphorus

81
Q

carb and lipid structure

A

CHO

82
Q

protein structure

A

chon

83
Q

nucleic acid structure

A

chonp

84
Q

monosaccharides

A

glucose, galactose, fructose

85
Q

lactose is a _______

A

disaccharide

86
Q

glycogen is a ____

A

polysaccharide

87
Q

basic fuel for atp

A

glucose

88
Q

lipids are helpful for animals in _______ for energy storage

A

hibernation

89
Q

monomers contain ________ forces

A

intramolecular

90
Q

what is common among all the biomolecules

A

hydrogen

91
Q

particles must ____ in order to react

A

collide

92
Q

to react, particles must have enough ___

A

energy

93
Q

more temperature, ________ reactions

A

faster

94
Q

more temp, more kinetic energy, more activation energy (T or F)

A

TRUE

95
Q

________ is crucial in reaction

A

angle

96
Q

factors that effect chem reactions

A
  1. temperature
  2. concentration and pressures
  3. surface area
  4. catalyst
97
Q

low surface area, more reactions (t or f)

A

false

98
Q

more concentrated, more reactions (t or f)

A

true

99
Q

substances that speed up the reaction without being used in the reaction itself

A

catalyst

100
Q

catalysts are:

A

transition metals
enzymes

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