11. Physical Science Flashcards
an explosion that hypothetically started/created the universe
big bang
a single unit of a few milimeters
singularity
4 formed elements after the big bang
matter time space energy
as the universe cools, protons and neutrons fuse to form heavily atomic nuclei
nucleosysnthesis
the 1st element
helium
2 eras
radiation and matter
era with abundance in radiation
radiation era
era with formulation of matter
matter era
epochs in the radiation era
planck, grand unifying, inflationary, electroweak, quark, hadron, electron, nuclear (p, g, i, e, q, h, e, n)
immediately afte the bigbang, temp of 10^40 K
Planck epoch
what are the superforces?
weak, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, gravity (w, e, s, g)
10^-43 secs after the bigbang
10^36K
Grand unification epoch
what broke away in the grand unification epoch?
gravity
expansion of the universe
10^33k
10^-36 seconds after bigbang
inflationary epoch
10^20 k
10^-32 seconds
superforces split off
electroweak epoch
10^16k
20^-12 seconds after bigbang
formation of particles (quarks) that will create the subatomic particles
quark epoch
10^10k
10^4 secs after bigbang
universe cooled down enough for quarks to bind, therefore making the subatomic particles
hadron epoch
10k
100 secs after bigbang
nuclear epoch
epochs in the matter era
atomic stellar galactic
atomic
formation of atoms
formation of stars
stellar
formation of galaxies
galactic
for the light elements ( h, he, li, be)
bigbang nucleosynthesis
heavier elements (B, to Fe 56)
stellar formation and evolution
elements heavier than Fe 57
supernova/stellar explosion
introduced the term atomos
democritus
considered the father of modern atomic theory
john dalton
proposed that electrons spin around a nucleus and are located at a certain orbital
Niels bohr
plum pudding model proponent
jj thomson
he found out that the mass of the atoms is due to the weight of the positive central atom
ernest rutherford
discovered the neutrons
james chadwick
stronger than london dispersion force; found in polar molecules
dipole dipole force
regulate the transfer of many substances
plasma membrane protein
minimum energy required to react
activation energy
primary components of plant cell wall
cellulose
atomos means
indivisible
according to democritus what are the 4 qualities of the atom?
indivisible, indestructible, homogenous, invisible
according to dalton, atoms are?
solid spheres
qualities of an atom according to dalton
- matter is made of tiny, indivisible atoms
- atoms of the same element are the same
- atoms of different elements differ
- atoms combine in simple, whole # ratio
electrons are surrounded in a pudding of positive charge
plum pudding model
who discovered the proton
rutherford
nuclear model proponent
ernest rutherforf
what was bohr’s model
bohr’s electron orbits
electrons occupy particular orbits/shells around the nucleus
bohr’s electron orbits
what gives the weight of the atom?
nucleus
atomic number =?
protons and electrons
how to get the neutron
mass - p+
how to get the mass?
p+ + n0
allows atoms to attain their stability by completing the reuqired electrons in the outermost shell
chemical bonds
chemical bonds can be?
ionic or covalent
2 types of covalent bonds?
polar and non polar
asymmetrical, polar or non polar?
polar
equal sharing of electrons, polar or non polar?
non polar
en diff is 0.5-2.0
polar
en diff is 0-0.4
non polar
symmetric, polar or nonpolar?
nonpolar
en diff is 2.1 above
ionic bond
covalent _____ electrons
shares
ionic ______ electrons
gives off
forces that help molecules attract each other
intermolecular forces
instantaneous dipole; when electrons get excited, they sometimes stay on 1 side of the molecule
london dispersion force
electrons are not evenly distributed/shared in this force
dipole dipole force
strongest force
hydrogen bonding
what are the highly electronegative atoms?a
atoms made up of: n, o, fl
force within a molecule
intramolecular force
between a molecule
intermolecular force
solids and liquids have a _____ IMF
high
IMF determines the ______ and _______ points
boiling and melting
general name for IMF
van der waals forces
building components of life
biomolecules
building blocks
monomer
carbs; pasta or bread; fast source of energy
carbohydrates
monomer for carbs
monosaccharides
fats; butter, oil, cholesterol
lipids
building blocks for lipids
fatty acids and glycerol
for muscle building; beans, milk
proteins
monomer for protein
amino acids
dna, rna; codig of traits
nucleic acids
monomer for nucleic acid
nucleotides
biomolecule structure
c= carbon
h=hydrogen
o=oxygen
n=nitrogen
p=phosphorus
carb and lipid structure
CHO
protein structure
chon
nucleic acid structure
chonp
monosaccharides
glucose, galactose, fructose
lactose is a _______
disaccharide
glycogen is a ____
polysaccharide
basic fuel for atp
glucose
lipids are helpful for animals in _______ for energy storage
hibernation
monomers contain ________ forces
intramolecular
what is common among all the biomolecules
hydrogen
particles must ____ in order to react
collide
to react, particles must have enough ___
energy
more temperature, ________ reactions
faster
more temp, more kinetic energy, more activation energy (T or F)
TRUE
________ is crucial in reaction
angle
factors that effect chem reactions
- temperature
- concentration and pressures
- surface area
- catalyst
low surface area, more reactions (t or f)
false
more concentrated, more reactions (t or f)
true
substances that speed up the reaction without being used in the reaction itself
catalyst
catalysts are:
transition metals
enzymes
