16. ORALCOMM FINAL Flashcards
Author of “how to do things with words”
J.L Austin
roughly equivalent to uttering a certain sentence with a certain meaning in the traditional sense; denotiation
locutionary acts
informing, ordering, warning; conventional force
illocutionary acts
what you achieve by saying something convincing, persuading, deterring, surprising; affects the audience
perlocutionary acts
leaving the message unfinished
message abandonment
try not to talk about topics that are hard for you to verbally express
topic avoidance
saying “no comment” is a type of?
topic avoidance
describe or paraphrase a target object or action
circumlocution
use an alternative term
approximation
expand a general word
use of all-purpose-words
creating a new english word
word coinage
translating a word or idiom to english, using the structure of your mother tongue
literal translation
pronouncing a word in your mother tongue like english
foreignizing
using a native word for an english term; switching language mid-sentence
code switching
asking others for help
appeal for help
using “like, um, uhhh…” to gain time to think
use of filler/hesitation devices
informal group discussion uses what type of language?
informal language
make sure that the purpose is clear to all
identify and articulate objectives
do not play favourites
create an inclusive environment
start with thought-provoking questions
plan ahead by asking the right questions
productive when focused
provide direction and maintain focus
synthesize to link discussion to objectives
bring closure
social/emotional factors
know strengths and weaknesses
develop a sense of fun
engagement
be sensitive
physical factors
choose a place and seating arrangement
make sure that there’s nothing distracting you from having a succesful discussion
members should support the leader and be active
participant’s role
signal that a meeting is about to begin
call to order
attendance in a formal meeting
roll call
reading of last meeting’s highlights
minutes of the meeting
special reports that need highlighting
officer/committee report
important business designated for consideration
special orders
business that still needs to be decided on
unfinished business
issues that are up for discussion
new business
reminders everyone needs to know
announcements
formal closing
adjournment
if you want to suggest something, you must make a ___________?
motion
voting on a motion (v. r. g. d. b)
voting
roll call
general consent
division
ballot
“all in favor say aye, all opposed say nay.”
voice
each member answers “yes or no”
roll call
silence if there is no objection, say “i object” if there is
general consent
members raise their hand or stand
division
write vote on a ballot
ballot
to “kill” a motion
table
to refer or consult a higher authority position before deciding
postpone indefinitely
speech that disseminates useful and interesting info
informative
teaches you to do or perform something
demonstrative
convinces people to change the way they think or do something
persuasive
intermission; usually done during events
entertaining
delivered on the spur of the moment; completely WITHOUT preparation
impromptu
allows the speaker to prepare for just a little bit of time
extemporaneous
when the speaker has to read every word; usually done when the topic is sensitive
manuscript
may sound mechanical and obviously unnatural
memorized
communication anxiety or stage fright
communication apprehension
why are people more afraid than they need to be?
because they want to protect their self-image
according to Mark Twain, what are the 2 types of speakers
nervous and liars
look for something (a topic) that interests you and the listener)
decide on an interesting topic to discuss
understand your listeners (background: age, gender, size, culture)
determine your audience and purpose
when and where are you going to perform your speech?
know the time and place to deliver your speech
narrow down your topic; make sure your thoughts are systematic
logically arrange your ideas
find resources to use
find materials for your speech
you do not need to memorize, but you need an outline
draft your speech
speech must have a purpose
purposive
public speaking is intimidating
under pressure
grow your topic as you go
builds up
clear organization of ideas
logically organized
your speech must be remembered positively; audience takes something home
inspiring
to whom is your speech for?
contextualized
be clear with your intentions
sincere
you need to be an actress
performed
don’t perform, communicate with your audience
engaging
prepare for your speech!
always prepared
keep the audience on you
keep the audience’s attention
include all
inclusivity
you are still bound to make mistakes
not perfect
public speaking helps you master the art of confidence
helps you gain confidence
what to say
content
occasion, purpose, audience
context
the way you deliver and present yourself onstage
confidence and conviction
practice and preparation
concentration and practice
verbal language
code
your physical appearance onstage
clothing and grooming
gestures, facial expression, body movements
choreography
failing to prepare for your speech
sloth
believing that great speakers are born with their skills
envy
quelling your nerves by imagining the audience naked
lust
believing that more words/slides/facts/numbers is always better
gluttony
speaking over your allotted time
greed
losing your cool
wrath
placing yourself ahead of the audience
pride
