14. RWS Flashcards
when someone simply accepts the things you are told without examining them. It also happens when you construct thoughts based purely on emotions. It is when you jump into conclusions without proofs or evidences.
o Accepts ideas she is exposed to.
NON critical thinking
involves a series of complex thought process which allows you to make reasoned judgments, assess the way you think, and solve problems effectively.
o Enables a person to process and evaluate ideas to come up with her own perspective.
o You employ this when you actively listen to the class discussion and formulate questions, write your reports and explains your ideas, and when you make projects and analyze the process.
critical thinking
- In 1956, __________, and American educational psychologist, together with a team of educational psychologists, published __________
benjamin bloom; Bloom’s Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain.
o It is a system that classifies the levels of thinking important for learning.
o It was created to promote higher levels of thinking.
o Knowledge, Comprehension Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation.
bloom’s taxonomy of the cognitive domain
- In 2001, Bloom’s former student, _________, and a group of cognitive psychologist published a revision to the original taxonomy to make it more relevant to 21st-century students and teachers.
lorin anderson
remembering, understanding, and applying.
higher order thinking skills
involves the retrieval, recognition, and recalling of information.
Requires definition, memorization, or the statement of information.
remembering (K)
you have to draw your own interpretations based on what you read. It refers to the construction of meaning from verbal and nonverbal messages.
Requires discussion, description, paraphrasing, or explanation.
understanding (c)
– refers to the use and implementation of knowledge in various situations.
Requires demonstration, solution, or the use of information.
applying (ap)
examines the causes and make inferences based on them. It focuses on breaking down ideas into parts and relating these parts to one another.
Requires comparison, integration, or the structuring of information.
analyzing (an)
– weigh the pros and cons to judge the action. It refers to making judgments on the value and validity of ideas and events.
Requires judgment and the testing of an idea based on certain rules or standards.
evaluating (e)
synthesize the parts of the text to turn them into one output. It involves combining parts to form a well-designed whole.
Requires production, design, or construction of new information or ideas.
creating (c)
- Follows a chronological order of writing.
- It uses transition words such as first, then, soon, after, suddenly, etc., to maintain coherence and show movement.
- It employs action words like verbs and adverbs, and phrases that signal time to make the text more engaging to the readers.
narration
__________ include first, then, soon, after, and suddenly.
transitional devices
- Transitional words are used to indicate location.
- Details referring to physical aspects like how the subject looks, sounds, feels, smells, or even tastes like are the ingredients of this method development.
- Observations need to be specific to encourage imaginative thinking.
description
transitional device (description)
sensory language
- A term is defined, its class, and its specific details. You can define by characteristics, function, what it is not, and what it is similar to, such as origins or effect.
- It can be scientific or subjective.
definition
transitional device (definition)
scientific/subjective.
- Utilizes detailed illustrations for clarification. It can be in the form of a story, an anecdote, a quotation, or a statistic.
exemplification
transitional devices (exemplificaton)
words for illustration.
– examines how subjects are similar. It uses signal words like similarly, in the same way, likewise, in like manner, in a similar fashion, etc.
comparison
– emphasizes how subjects are different. Uses signal words such as yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, after all, but though, otherwise, on the other hand, notwithstanding, etc.
contrast
- Explores why things happen and what happens as a result.
- Words that show effect are, for this reason, it follows, as a result, as a consequence, thus, therefore, etc.
cause and effect
- It describes how things work, involving a series of steps in chronological ordering.
process analysis
- A single subject is targeted and broken down into components.
- Items are being grouped into categories based on the features they share.
division and classification
a category is divided into subcategories.
division
- A problem is being presented and a solution.
- Why it has become a problem is also discussed, leading to a conclusion highlighting the connection between the problem and solution.
problem solution
- Involves facts that make the paragraph more convincing.
- In giving illustrations, signal words are used such as first, next, last, etc.
persuasion
is a statement that a writer explores, explains, or proves in an argument. A claim should place an argument in the context of a large debate that probably involves addressing potential objections or counterarguments.
claim
- To establish something. (statistics, researches, testimonies)
- Asserts that a condition has existed, exists, or will exist. It presents the arguments that the claim is true or specifies a specific term.
claim of fact
objective
facts and rubrics
subjective
opinions and feelings
– a statement about the unknown on the basis of the known.
inference
- To state worth or importance of something.
- Attempts to prove that some things are more or less desirable than others.
- Assess, appraises, or judges a concept. You have made a claim of value if you develop a position in which you say something is good, bad, or that one thing is superior to another.
- Express approval or disapproval or taste and morality.
- Make a judgement.
- Attempt to prove some action, belief, or condition is right or wrong, good or bad.
claim of value
- Suggest a course of action that ought to be followed in order to address a specific issue.
- It suggests a precise course of action that should be taken.
- Imposing rules (should, ought to, must)
claim of policy
- Focuses to one idea.
- Refers to how the writer developed the controlling idea through supporting details.
unity
– general to specific
deductive
specific to general
inductive
comprise ideas or details that are logically arranged. (transition devices)
coherence
flow of sentences
cohesion
- Arranging the ideas logically and accurately.
organization
- Helps the writer to communicate effectively to his readers to avoid confusion.
- Always use clear and concise sentences.
- Avoid redundancies and wordiness.
- Avoid excessive use of “their” and “it”
- Be accurate and precise.
- Be consistent with your pronoun’s point of view.
- Avoid using sexist language; use they or their.
- Use appropriate level of formality.
language use
- Set of conventions on how to spell, abbreviate, punctuate. and capitalize a composition.
mechanics
