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Anatomy Topnotch > 7. Liver > Flashcards

7. Liver Flashcards

1
Q

peritoneal organ positioned in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. It is the largest visceral structure in the abdominal cavity, and the largest gland in the human body.

A

liver

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2
Q

performs a wide range of functions, such as synthesis of bile, glycogen storage and clotting factor production.

A

liver

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3
Q

anterosuperior surface of the liver.

A

Diaphragmatic surface

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4
Q

posteroinferior surface of the liver.

A

visceral surface

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5
Q

not covered by visceral peritoneum, and is in direct contact with the diaphragm itself (known as the ‘bare area’ of the liver

A

posterior aspect of the diaphragmatic surface

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6
Q

It lies in contact with the right kidney, right adrenal gland, right colic flexure, transverse colon, first part of the duodenum, gallbladder, oesophagus and the stomach.

A

visceral surface of the liver

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7
Q

ligaments of the liver

A
  • falciform ligament
  • coronary ligament (anterior and posterior folds)
  • triangular ligament (left and right)
  • lesser omentum
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8
Q

this sickle-shaped ligament attaches the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and forms a natural anatomical division between the left and right lobes of the liver.

A

falciform ligament

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9
Q

a remnant of the umbilical vein.

A

ligamentum teres

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10
Q

The free edge of this ligament contains the ligamentum teres, a remnant of the umbilical vein.

A

falciform ligament

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11
Q

attaches the superior surface of the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm and demarcates the bare area of the liver

A

Coronary ligament

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12
Q

its anterior and posterior folds unite to form the triangular ligaments on the right and left lobes of the liver.

A

coronary ligament

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13
Q

formed by the union of the anterior and posterior layers of the coronary ligament at the apex of the liver and attaches the left lobe of the liver to the diaphragm.

A

left triangular ligament

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14
Q

this ligament is adjacent to the bare area and attaches the right lobe of the liver to the diaphragm.

A

right triangular ligament

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15
Q

Attaches the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and first part of the duodenum

A

lesser omentum

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16
Q

lesser omentum consists of the

A

It consists of the hepatoduodenal ligament (extends from the duodenum to the liver) and the hepatogastric ligament (extends from the stomach to the liver).

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17
Q

surrounds the portal triad.

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

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18
Q

In addition to supporting ligaments, the posterior surface of the liver is secured to the inferior vena cava by

A

hepatic veins and fibrous tissue

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19
Q

are anatomical spaces between the liver and surrounding structures. They are of clinical importance as infection may collect in these areas, forming an abscess.

A

hepatic recesses

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20
Q

spaces located between the diaphragm and the anterior and superior aspects of the liver.

A

subphrenic spaces

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21
Q

subphrenic spaces are divided into

A

right and left by the falciform ligament.

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22
Q

hepatic recesses

A

subphrenic spaces
subhepatic space
Morison’s pouch

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23
Q

a subdivision of the supracolic compartment (above the transverse mesocolon), this peritoneal space is located between the inferior surface of the liver and the transverse colon.

A

subhepatic space

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24
Q

a potential space between the visceral surface of the liver and the right kidney.

A

Morison’s pouch

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25
Q

This is the deepest part of the peritoneal cavity when supine (lying flat), therefore pathological abdominal fluid such as blood or ascites is most likely to collect in this region in a bedridden patient.

A

Morison’s pouch

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26
Q

The liver is covered by a fibrous layer, known as

A

Glisson’s capsule

27
Q

two further ‘accessory’ lobes that arise from the right lobe, and are located on the visceral surface of liver:

A

caudate lobe

quadrate lobe

28
Q

this accessory lobe is located on the upper aspect of the visceral surface. It lies between the inferior vena cava and a fossa produced by the ligamentum venosum (a remnant of the fetal ductus venosus)

A

caudate lobe

29
Q

this accessory lobe is located on the lower aspect of the visceral surface. It lies between the gallbladder and a fossa produced by the ligamentum teres (a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein).

A

quadrate lobe

30
Q

Separating the caudate and quadrate lobes is a deep, transverse fissure – known as the

A

porta hepatis

31
Q

It transmits all the vessels, nerves and ducts entering or leaving the liver with the exception of the hepatic veins.

A

porta hepatis

32
Q

Microscopically, the cells of the liver (known as hepatocytes) are arranged into

A

lobules

33
Q

Each anatomical lobule is hexagonal-shaped and is drained by a

A

central vein

34
Q

At the periphery of the hexagon (lobule) are three structures collectively known as the

A

portal triad

35
Q

potral triad:

A

Arteriole – a branch of the hepatic artery entering the liver.
Venule – a branch of the hepatic portal vein entering the liver.
Bile duct – branch of the bile duct leaving the liver.

+

lymphatic vessels and vagus nerve (parasympathetic) fibres.

36
Q

Liver

dual blood supply

A

Hepatic artery proper (25%)

Hepatic portal vein (75%)

37
Q

supplies the liver with partially deoxygenated blood, carrying nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. This is the dominant blood supply to the liver parenchyma, and allows the liver to perform its gut-related functions, such as detoxification.

A

Hepatic portal vein (75%)

38
Q

supplies the non-parenchymal structures of the liver with arterial blood. It is derived from the coeliac trunk.

A

Hepatic artery proper (25%)

39
Q

Venous drainage of the liver

A

central veins -> collecting veins -> hepatic veins -> inferior vena cava

40
Q

nerve supply of the liver

A

hepatic plexus, which contains sympathetic (coeliac plexus) and parasympathetic (vagus nerve) nerve fibres

41
Q

Glisson’s capsule, the fibrous covering of the liver, is innervated by branches of the

A

lower intercostal nerves

42
Q

Distension of the glisson’s capsule results in a

A

sharp, well localised pain

43
Q

The lymphatic vessels of the anterior aspect of the liver drain into

A

Anterior: hepatic lymph nodes
-> colic lymph nodes -> cisterna chyli

Posterior -> phrenic and posterior mediastinal nodes -> right lymphatic and thoracic ducts

44
Q

procedure used to obtain a sample of liver tissue. A needle is inserted through the skin to access the liver.

A

percutaneous liver biopsy

45
Q

pecutaneous liver biopsy is indicated in

A
  1. Abnormal LFTs of unknown cause.
  2. Liver malignancy
  3. Hepatitis C – Assessment for severity of liver fibrosis and disease progression.
  4. Other liver conditions (such as Hereditary Haemochromatosis and Autoimmune Hepatitis).
  5. Following liver transplantation.
46
Q

remnant of ductus venosus; between left lobe and caudate lobe

A

ligamentum venosum

47
Q

remnant of umbilical vein; between left lobe and quadrate lobe

A

ligamentum teres/ round ligament

48
Q

adult derivatives of umbilical artery

A

medial umbilical ligament

49
Q

adult derivative of urachus

A

median umbilical ligament

50
Q

adult derivative of foramen ovale

A

fossa ovalis

51
Q

adult derivative of ductus arteriosus

A

ligamentum arteriosum

52
Q

classifc liver lobule is

A

hexagonal
1central vein
6 portal triad at sides

53
Q

zones of liver acinus

A

Zone 1,2,3

54
Q

zone closest to the portal tract and receives the most O2

A

zone 1

55
Q

farthest zone and receives the least O2, most susceptible to ischemic injury

A

zone 3

56
Q

liver acinus is based on

A

blood flow

57
Q

portal lobule is based on

A

bile flow

58
Q

diamond-shaped area of the liver whose long axis is the straight line between neighboring central veins and whose short axis is the intersecting line between neighboring portal areas

A

liver acinus

59
Q

caudate and quadrate is in this lobe

A

right lobe

60
Q

caudate lobe is in this segment

A

I

61
Q

quadrate lobe is in this segment

A

IV

62
Q

hemorrhage from the liver can be controlled by

A

clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament (contains the hepatic artery and portal vein) - pringle maneuver

63
Q

liver biopsy usually done at this site

A

right 10 ICS MAL

Anatomy Topnotch (26 decks)

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