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Anatomy Topnotch > 11. Spleen > Flashcards

11. Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

functions mainly as a blood filter, removing old red blood cells. It also plays a role in both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.

A

spleen

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2
Q

the spleen is located in the

A

upper left quadrant of the abdomen, under cover of the diaphragm and the ribcage

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3
Q

Spleen – is an intraperitoneal organ, entirely surrounded by peritoneum except at the

A

splenic hilum

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4
Q

The spleen is connected to the stomach and kidney by parts of the

A

greater omentum – a double fold of peritoneum that originates from the stomach
•Gastrosplenic ligament
•Splenorenal ligament

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5
Q

anterior to the splenic hilum, connects the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach.

A

gastrosplenc ligament

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6
Q

posterior to the splenic hilum, connects the hilum of the spleen to the left kidney. The splenic vessels and tail of the pancreas lie within this ligament

A

Splenorenal ligament

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7
Q

between Splenorenal ligament
and Gastrosplenic ligament
is the

A

lesser sac

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8
Q

outer surface of the spleen can be anatomically divided into

A
  • Diaphragmatic surface

* Visceral surface

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9
Q

this surface of the spleen is smooth

A

posteromedial and ifneiror borders

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10
Q

this surface of the spleen contain notches

A

anterior and superior borders

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11
Q

enlargement of the spleen (known as splenomegaly) the ______moves inferomedially, and its notches can be palpated.

A

superior border

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12
Q

posterior to the splen are the ribs

A

9-11

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13
Q

The spleen is a highly vascular organ. It receives most of its arterial supply from the

A

splenic artery

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14
Q

splenic artery arises from

A

celiac trunk

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15
Q

splenic artery. – this vessel arises from the coeliac trunk, running laterally along the superior aspect of the pancreas, within this structure

A

splenorenal ligament

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16
Q

removal of one of the segments of the spleen without affecting the others

A

subtotal splenectomy

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17
Q

Venous drainage occurs through the splenic vein. It combines with the superior mesenteric vein to form the

A

hepatic portal vein

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18
Q

nerve supply of the spleen comes from

A

celiac plexus

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19
Q

The lymphatic vessels of the spleen follow the splenic vessels mentioned above and drain into the

A

pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes

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20
Q

abdominal organ with the highest incidence of injury.

A

spleen

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21
Q

A splenic rupture occurs when there is a break in its

A

fibroelastic capsule - disrupting the underlying parenchyma.

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22
Q

splenic rupture is often associated with

A

left rib fractures -bony fragment easily tearing the capsule.

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23
Q

The liver and bone marrow take over some of the functions of the spleen, however, an individual who has no spleen are at risk to

A

bacterial infections and – requires life long antibiotics.

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24
Q

Indications for splenectomy

A
  • injury to the spleen and subsequent haemorrhage are life threatening
  • haemolytic anaemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hypersplenism and prolieferative disorders such as myelofibrosis of lymphoma.
25
Q

this ligament carries the short gastric, left gastroepiploic vessels

A

gastrosplenic ligament

26
Q

this ligament carries the splenic vessels

A

splenicorenal ligament

27
Q

thick, fusiform, muscles of the loin

A

psoas major

28
Q

large, triangular on the lateral side of the psoas major

A

iliacus

29
Q

quadrilateral muscles

A

quadratus lumborum

30
Q

lumbar plexus is formed within this muscle

A

Psoas major muscle

31
Q

lumbar plexus formed by ventral rami of

A

L1-L4

also receives contributins from T12

32
Q

branches of the lumbar plexus emerge from ___ of the psoas

A

lateral and medial borders

anterior surface

33
Q

network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and musculature of the lower limb.

A

lumbar plexus

34
Q

lumbar pelxus is anterior to this structure

A

anterior to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.

35
Q

The spinal nerves L1 – L4 form the basis of the lumbar plexus. At each vertebral level, paired spinal nerves leave the spinal cord via the

A

intervertebral foramina of the vertebral column

36
Q

branches of the lumbar plexus

A
  1. Iliohypogastric Nerve
  2. Ilioinguinal Nerve
  3. Genitofemoral Nerve
  4. Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
  5. Obturator Nerve
  6. Femoral Nerve

I, I Get Leftovers On Fridays.

37
Q

first major branch of the lumbar plexus

A

iliohypogastric nerve

38
Q

iliohypogastric nerve perforates this muscle

A

transversus abdominis

39
Q

roots of Iliohypogastric Nerve

A

L1 (with contributions from T12)

40
Q

This nerve runs to the iliac crest, across the quadratus lumborum muscle of the posterior abdominal wall. It then perforates the transversus abdominis, and divides into its terminal branches.

A

iliohypogastric nerve

41
Q

motor and sensory fx of iliohypogastric nerve

A

Motor Functions: Innervates the internal oblique and transversus abdominis.

Sensory Functions: Innervates the posterolateral gluteal skin in the pubic region

42
Q

After innervating the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, it passes through the superficial inguinal ring to innervate the skin of the genitalia and middle thigh.

A

Ilioinguinal Nerve

43
Q

root of Ilioinguinal Nerve

A

L1

44
Q

root of Genitofemoral Nerve

A

L1,L2

45
Q

root of Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh

A

L2,L3

46
Q

root of Obturator Nerve

A

L2,3,4

47
Q

root of femoral nerve

A

L2,3,4

48
Q

motor fx of ilioinguinal nerve

A

Innervates the internal oblique and transversus abdominis.

49
Q

sensory fx of ilioinguinal nerve

A
  • Innervates the skin on the superior antero-medial thigh.
  • males, it also supplies the skin over the root of the penis and anterior scrotum.
  • females, it supplies the skin over mons pubis and labia majora.
50
Q

After leaving the psoas major muscle, the genitofemoral nerve quickly divides into

A
  • genital branch

* femoral branch

51
Q

motor fx of genitofemoral nerve

A

The genital branch innervates the cremasteric muscle.

52
Q

sensory fx of genitofemoral nerve

A
  • genital branch innervates the skin of the anterior scrotum (in males) or the skin over mons pubis and labia majora (in females).
  • femoral branch innervates the skin on the upper anterior thigh.
53
Q

This nerve has a purely sensory function.
It enters the thigh at the lateral aspect of the inguinal ligament, where it provides cutaneous innervation to the skin there.

A

Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh

54
Q

sensory fx of Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh

A

Innervates the anterior and lateral thigh down to the level of the knee.

55
Q

motor fx of obturator nerve

A

Innervates the muscles of the medial thigh – the obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus and gracilis.

56
Q

sensory fx of Obturator nerve

A

Innervates the skin over the medial thigh.

57
Q

motor fx

Femoral Nerve

A

Innervates the muscles of the anterior thigh – the illiacus, pectineus, sartorius and quadriceps femoris.

58
Q

sensory fx

femoral nerve

A

Innervates the skin on the anterior thigh and the medial leg.

Anatomy Topnotch (26 decks)

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