Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Topnotch > 3. Anatomy (Abdomen Continuation) > Flashcards

3. Anatomy (Abdomen Continuation) Flashcards

1
Q

layers of abdominal wall

A 
skin
superficial fascia (camper, scarpa)
Deep fascia
muscles
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fat 
parietal perotineum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

dartos fascia is a derivative of

A

superficial fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

external spermatic fascia is a derivative of

A

external oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cremaster muscle is a derivative of

A

internal oblique muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

internal spermatic fascia is a derivative of

A

transversalis fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tunica vaginalis is a derivative of

A

peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum

A

peritoneal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

peritoneal cavity is within this cavities

A

abdominal and pelvic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does peritoneal cavity in males and women differ?

A

completely closed in males

in females- pathway through Uterine tubes , Uterine cavity and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Subdivisions of peritoneal cavity

A

Greater sac

Lesser sac / Omental bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

this subdivision of the peritoneal cavity lies posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum

A

lesser sac/ omental bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

two recesses of lesser sac

A

superior recess

and inferior recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

is the passage of communication between the general cavity and omental bursa

A

epiploic foramen/ foramen of Winslow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

boundaries of the foramen of winslow

A

A: hepatoduodenal ligament, portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct
P: IVC
S: caudate lobe of the liver
I: superior part of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

extensions of the Visceral peritoneum

A

Peritoneal reflections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Peritoneal reflections (3)

A

mesentery
ligaments
omentum - greater and lesser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Peritoneal reflection that supports hollow viscus to the body wall
provides neurovascular communication
allows mobility of vicera

A

mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

connects viscera to each other or to the body wall

A

ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

connects the stomach with other viscera

A

omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

peritoneal reflection composed of 4 layers

A

greater omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

abdominal policement

A

greater omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

omentum found in the greater curvature of the stomach

A

greater omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

greater omentum will cover these organs

A

greater curvature of the stromach and proximal part of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 parts of the greater omentum

A

gastrophrenic
gastrosplenic
gastrocolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

connects lesser curvature of the stomach, duodenum and proximal part of the duodenum to the liver

A

lesser omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

2 ligaments of lesser omentum

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

hepatoagastric ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

this ligament contains the portal triad

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

portal triad consists of

A

Posterior: portal vein
Anterior and to the right: common bile duct
Anterior and to the left: hepatic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

inflammation of the parietal peritoneum may exhibit

A

rebound tenderness
guarding

sharp localized pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity due to peritonitis from congestion of venous drainage of the abdomen

A

ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

sx management ascites

A

paracentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

sites of paracentesis

A

2 cm below the umbilicus through the LINEA ALBA

2-4 CM superomedial to ASIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

2 recommended areas for abdominal wall entry of paracentesis

A
  • 2 cm below the umbilicus in the midline (through the linea alba)
  • 3-5 cm superior and medial to the ASIS on either side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Paracentesis
from superficial to deep
midline

A 
Midline
•Skin
•Superficial fascia
•deep fascia
•linea alba 
•transversalis fascia 
•extraperitoneal fat
•parietal peritoneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Paracentesis
from superficial to deep layers

lateral to inferior epigastric artery , above the deep circumflex artery

A
  • Skin
  • Superficial fascia
  • deep fascia
  • ext oblique
  • internal oblique
  • transversalis fascia
  • extraperitoneal fat
  • parietal peritoneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

primitive gut (endoderm) divisible into

A

foregut - celiac trunk
midgut -sup. mesenteric artery
hindgut - inf. mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Abdominal aorta branches

A

I. Anterior unpaired visceral

a. celiac
b. superior mesenteric
c. inferior mesenteric

II.lateral paired visceral

a. supraprenal
b. renal
c. gonadal

III. lateral paired abdominal

a. inferior phrenic
b. lumbar

IV. terminal

a. common iliac
b. median sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

foregut

gut tube proper

A

pharynx
esophagus
stomach
proximal duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

midgut

gut tube proper

A

proximal duodenum to right half of transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

hindgut

gut tube proper

A

left half of transverse colon to anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

derivatives of foregut

A 
thyroid 
parathyroid 
tympanic cavity
trachea 
bronchi
lungs 
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Duodenum

primitive gut

A

second part
•proximal - foregut
•distal - midgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Transverse colon

primitive gut

A

Upper 2/3 - right side : midgut

lower 1/3 - left side : hindgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Anal canal

primitive gut

A

upper part : hindgut

lower part - proctoderm : ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

celiac artery is at this level

A

T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

superior mesenteric artery

is at this level

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

celiac artery branches

A

A. left gastric
•gastric branches
•esophageal branches

B. Splenic 
•left gastroepiploic 
•short gastric 
•branches to the spleen
•branches to the body and tail of pancreas
C. Hepatic 
•Proper hepatic artery
 –left branch of proper hepatic artery
 –right gastric artery
 –right branch of proper hepatic artery
•Gastroduodenal 
 –right gastroepiploic 
 –sup. pancreaticoduodenal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Superior mesenteric artery branches

A
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal
  • middle colic
  • right colic
  • ileo-colic
  • jejunal-ileal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

inferior mesenteric artery level

A

L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

inferior mesenteric artery

branches

A

left colic
sigmoid
superior rectal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

aortic aneurysm

common site

A

just proximal to the bifurcation of the aorta at the level of L4 vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

(+) pulsating mass at the midline

A

aortic aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

celiac artery occlusion

pain is referred to

A

pain referred in the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

if celiac artery is occluded

this may develop

A

collateral circulation may develop at the head of pancrease

by way of anastomoses between pancreaticoduodenal branches of SMA and gastroduodenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

celiac artery occlusion

what 3 branches maybe eroded

A
  1. splenic - penetrating ulcer of posterior wall of stomach
  2. left gastric - lesser curvature of tomach
  3. gastroduodenal - posterior wall of the first part of duodenum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

inferior vena cava branches

A 
A. anterior visceral 
–right/ left hepatic 
B. Lateral visceral
–right suprarenal 
–R/L renal
–R gonadal

C. lateral abdominal
–Inferior phrenic
–lumbar

D. veins of origin
–R/L common iliac
–median sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

portal vein is formed by the union of ____ behind the neck of pancreas

A

superior mesenteric vein

splenic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

The vessel is formed by the union of the common iliac veins at the L5 vertebral level.

A

inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

IVC

It ascends superiorly, and leaves the abdomen by piercing the central tendon of the diaphragm at

A

T8 level (the caval hiatus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

They drain the lower limbs and gluteal region.

A

common iliac veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

drain the posterior abdominal wall.

A

lumbar veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

drain the kidneys, left adrenal gland and left testis/ovary.

A

renal veins

63
Q

drain the diaphragm.

A

inferior phrenic veins

64
Q

There are no tributaries from the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder or the abdominal part of the GI tract – as these structures are first drained into the

A

portal venous system

65
Q

It is the point of convergence for the venous drainage of the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and the abdominal part of the gastrointestinal tract.

A

portal vein

66
Q

portal vein is found at level

A

L2

posterior to neck of pancreas

67
Q

portal vein receives additional tributaries from

A

Right and left gastric veins – drain the stomach.
Cystic veins – drains the gallbladder.
Para-umbilical veins – drain the skin of the umbilical region.

68
Q

Tributaries to the splenic vein include:

A

Short gastric veins – drain the fundus of the stomach.
Left gastro-omental vein – drains the greater curvature of the stomach.
Pancreatic veins – drain the pancreas.
Inferior mesenteric vein – drains the colon.

69
Q

drains blood from the rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon and splenic flexure. It begins as the superior rectal vein and ascends, receiving tributaries from the sigmoid veins and the left colic veins. As it ascends further it passes posteriorly to the body of the pancreas and typically joins the splenic vein.

A

inferior mesenteric vein

70
Q

drains blood from the small intestine, cecum, ascending colon and transverse colon.

A

SMA

71
Q

SMA
begins in the _____
as a convergence of the veins draining the terminal ileum, cecum and appendix. It ascends within the mesentery of the small intestine, and then travels posteriorly to the neck of the pancreas to join the splenic vein.

A

right iliac fossa

72
Q

tributaries of MSA

A

Right gastro-omental vein – drains the greater curvature of the stomach.
Anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins – drain the pancreas and duodenum.
Jejunal vein – drain the jejunum.
Ileal vein – drain the ileum.
Ileocolic vein – drains the ileum, colon and cecum.
Right colic vein – drains the ascending colon.
Middle colic vein – drains the transverse colon.

73
Q

is a connection between the veins of the portal venous system, and the veins of the systemic venous system.

A

porto-systemic anastomosis

74
Q

major sites of

porto-systemic anastomosis

A

Oesophageal – Between the oesophageal branch of the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries to the azygous system.
Rectal – Between the superior rectal vein and the inferior rectal veins.
Retroperitoneal – Between the portal tributaries of the mesenteric veins and the retroperitoneal veins.
Paraumbilical – Between the portal veins of the liver and the veins of the anterior abdominal wall.

75
Q

A portal venous pressure in excess of___ is defined as portal hypertension.

A

20mmHg

76
Q

causes portal hpn

A

liver cirrhosis

77
Q

porta-caval shunts may involve anastomosis of portal vein to

A

anterior wall fo IVC

behind the entrance into the lesser sac

78
Q

s a treatment for portal hypertension. A connection is made between the portal vein, which supplies 75% of the liver’s blood, and the inferior vena cava, the vein that drains blood from the lower two-thirds of the body.

A

portacaval shunt (or portal caval shunt)

79
Q

in porta caval shunts

what is anastomosed

A

portal vein- anterior wall of IVC

splenic vein - left fenal vein (if spleen is removed due to congestive enlargement)

80
Q

R and L hepatic veins drains into

A

IVC

81
Q

R gonadal and right suprarenal vein

drains into

A

IVC

82
Q

L gonadal and L suprarenal

drains into

A

L renal

83
Q

R gastroepiploic

drains into

A

SMV

84
Q

L gastroepiploic

drains into

A

splenic vein

85
Q

R colic

drains into

A

SMV

86
Q

L colic

drains into

A

IMV

87
Q

how long is the esophagus

A

10 inches/ 25 cm long

88
Q

straight muscular tube that extends from the pharynx to stomach

A

esophagus

89
Q

Esophagus -continuous above with the laryngeal part of the pharynx opposite this level

A

6th cervical vertebra

90
Q

Esophagus

passes through the diaphragm at this level

A

T10

91
Q

importance of esophageal constrictions

A
  • common sites of carcinoma in the esophagus
  • strictures develop
  • diff to pass an esophagoscope
  • sites where swallowed foreign bodies can lodge
92
Q

esophageal constrictions

A
  • Upper/Pharyngoesophageal - cricopharyngeus muscle
  • Middle/thoracic - by aortic arch and left main bronchus
  • Inferior/Diaphragmatic - esophageal hiatus
93
Q

anatomic division of esophagus

A
  • Cervical - 18 cm from incisors
  • Thoracic - 18-23 cm
  • Mid thoracic 24-32 cm
  • Lower thoracic -32-40 cm
  • Abdominal - 32-40 cm
94
Q

esophagus

from lower end of pharynx (C6; lower border cricoid cartilage) extends to thoracic inlet (suprasternal notch)

A

cervical

95
Q

esophagus

from thoracic inlet to tracheal bifurcation

A

thoracic

96
Q

this nerve accompanies the esophagus through the diaphragm

A

vagus nerve

97
Q

Arterial supply of the esophagus

A

Upper 1/3 : inferior thyroid artery (from subclavian artery)
Middle 1/3 : descending thoracic aorta
Lower 1/3 : left gastric artery from celiac trunk of abdominal aorta

98
Q

venous drainage

of esophagus

A

Upper 1/3 : inferior thyroid vein
Middle 1/3 : azygous vei
Lower 1/3 : left gastric vein

99
Q

lymph drainage of esophagus

A

Upper- deep cervical
Middle- mediastinal
Lower- celiac

100
Q
  • 56 year old experiences GERD
  • sliding hiatal hernia
  • what other structure might be compressed by hernia that courses through the same opening in the diaphragm
A

vagal trunks

101
Q

substernal burning pain that is worse when lying down

incompetent LES

A

GERD

102
Q

difficulty swallowing liquids and solids

failure of relaxation of inferior esophageal sphincter

A

achalasia

103
Q

hernia at the esophageal hiatus

A

hiatal hernia

104
Q

most common type of hiatal hernia. It occurs when the gastroesophageal junction, along with a portion of the stomach, migrates into the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus

A

sliding type hiatal hernia

105
Q

tx for esophageal hemorrhage from esophageal varices

gastric balloon anchors the tube against the esophageal gastric junction; occludes he varices by counter pressure

A

sengstaken- blakemore balloon insertion

106
Q

ave distance between external orifices of the nose and stomach

A

17.2 inches

44 cm

107
Q

stomach has this capacity

A

1.5 L

108
Q

4 parts of the stomach

A

cardia
fundus
body
pylorus

109
Q

dilated superior part of the stomach

A

fundus

110
Q

pylorus is divisible into

A

pyloric andtrum

pyloric canal

111
Q

a sharp indentation that approximates the junction of the body and pyloric part of the stomach

A

angular incisure / notch

112
Q

cardiac orifice level

A

6th costal cartilage

2-4 cm from the median plane at T10 or T11

113
Q

fundus position

A

5th, L rib

midclavicular plane

114
Q

position

greater curvature

A

10th left costal cartilage

115
Q

pyrloric antrum level

A

9th costal cartilage
L1 vertebra

pyloric orifice 1.25 cm left of midine

116
Q

pyloric canal

position

A

right side

L2 to L4

117
Q
  • associated with projectile vomiting after feeding

* small palpable mass at the right costal margin

A

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

118
Q

muscularis external in the pyloric region hypertrophies - narrow pyloric lumen that obstructs the passage of food

A

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

119
Q

on which the stomach rests when a person is in supine position is formed by structures forming the posterior wall of the omental bursa

A

stomach bed

120
Q

stomach bed

superior to inferior

A 
left dome of diaphragm
spleen 
left kidney 
suprarenal gland
splenic artery
pancreas
transverse mesocolon
colon
121
Q

The pyloric sphincter demarcates the transpyloric plane at the level of

A

L1 `

122
Q

surrounds the superior opening of the stomach at the T11 level.

A

cardia

123
Q

the rounded, often gas filled portion superior to and left of the cardia.

A

fundus

124
Q

the large central portion inferior to the fundus of stomach

A

body

125
Q

Pylorus – This area connects the stomach to the duodenum. It is divided into the

A

pyloric antrum, pyloric canal and pyloric sphincter

126
Q

forms the long, convex, lateral border of the stomach

A

greater curvature

127
Q

supply branches to the greater curvature.

A

The short gastric arteries and the right and left gastro-omental arteries

128
Q

forms the shorter, concave, medial surface of the stomach

A

Lesser curvature

129
Q

The most inferior part of the lesser curvature ____ , indicates the junction of the body and pyloric region.

A

angular notch

130
Q

lesser curvature gives attachment to this ligament

A

hepatogastric ligament

131
Q

lesser curvature

blood supply

A

left gastric artery and right gastric branch of the hepatic artery.

132
Q

inferior oesophageal sphincter

level

A

T11

133
Q

hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach and folds back upon itself where it attaches to the transverse colon

A

greater omentum

134
Q

It contains many lymph nodes and may adhere to inflamed areas , therefore playing a key role in gastrointestinal immunity and minimising the spread of intraperitoneal infections.

A

greater omentum

135
Q

its main fx is to attach the stomach and duodenum to the liver.

A

lesser omentum

136
Q

continuous with peritoneal layers of the stomach and duodenum, this smaller peritoneal fold arises at the lesser curvature and ascend to attach to the liver.

A

lesser omentum

137
Q

the greater and lesser omenta divide the abdominal cavity into two:

A

the greater

lesser sac

138
Q

a hole in lesser omentum

A

epiploic foramen

139
Q

greater and lesser sacs communicate via the

A

epiploic foramen

140
Q

The arterial supply to the stomach comes from the

A

celiac trunk

141
Q

right and left gastric veins drain into the

A

hepatic portal vein

142
Q

short gastric vein, left and right gastro-omental veins ultimately drain into the

A

superior mesenteric vein

143
Q

stomach innervation

A
  • Parasympathetic nerve supply arises from the anterior and posterior vagal trunks, derived from the vagus nerve.
  • Sympathetic nerve supply arises from the T6-T9 spinal cord segments
144
Q

Lymphatics stomach

A

drains into the gastric and gastro-omental lymph nodes found at the curvatures

–> celiac LN

145
Q

There are three main causes of reflux disease:

A

Dysfunction of the lower oesophageal sphincter
Delayed gastric emptying
Hiatal hernia

146
Q

occurs when a part of the stomach protrudes into the chest through the oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm.

A

Hiatal hernia

147
Q

The lower oesophageal sphincter slides superiorly. Reflux is a common complication, as the diaphragm is no longer reinforcing the sphincter.

A

sliding hiatal hernia

148
Q

The lower oesophageal sphincter remains in place, but a part of the stomach herniates into the chest next to it. This type of hiatus hernia is more likely to require surgical correction to prevent strangulation of the herniated pouch.

A

rolling hiatal hernia

149
Q

blood supply

stomach

A
  1. Right gastric – branch of the common hepatic artery, which arises from the coeliac trunk.
  2. Left gastric – arises directly from the coeliac trunk.
  3. Right gastro-omental – terminal branch of the gastroduodenal artery, which arises from the common hepatic artery.
  4. Left gastro-omental – branch of the splenic artery, which arises from the coeliac trunk.
150
Q

gastric ulcers most often occur

A

lesser curvature, above the incisura angularis

151
Q

carcinomas of the stomach most commonly found in

A

pylorus

152
Q

nostril to cardiac orifice of stomach

A

17.2 inches / 44 cm

153
Q

3 sites of esophageal narrowing may offer resistance to NGT

A

1st part : 18 cm
2nd: 28 cm
3rd : 44 cm

Anatomy Topnotch (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions