6. Pancreas

Question 1

abdominal glandular organ with both digestive (exocrine) and hormonal (endocrine) functions.

Answer 1

pancreas

Question 2

The pancreas is an oblong-shaped organ positioned at the level of the

Answer 2

transpyloric plane (L1)

Question 3

Pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ with the exception of

Answer 3

tail of pancreas

Question 4

is formed from peritoneum and connects the spleen to the tail of the pancreas.

Answer 4

lienorenal ligament

Question 5

lie anterior to the pancreas

Answer 5

stomach

transverse mesocolon

Question 6

Descends behind the head of the pancreas before opening into the second part of the duodenum alongside the major pancreatic duct through the major duodenal papilla

Answer 6

common bie duct

Question 7

located posteriorly and laterally to the pancreas

Answer 7

spleen

Question 8

5 parts of the pancreas

Answer 8

Head
Uncinate process
Neck
Body 
Tail

Question 9

the widest part of the pancreas. It lies within the C-shaped curve created by the duodenum and is connected to it by connective tissue.

Answer 9

Head

Question 10

a projection arising from the lower part of the head and extending medially to lie beneath the body of the pancreas. It lies posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels.

Answer 10

Uncinate process

Question 11

located between the head and the body of the pancreas. It overlies the superior mesenteric vessels which form a groove in its posterior aspect.

Answer 11

Neck of pancreas

Question 12

centrally located part of pancreas, crossing the midline of the human body to lie behind the stomach and to the left of the superior mesenteric vessels.

Answer 12

Body

Question 13

the left end of the pancreas that lies within close proximity to the hilum of the spleen.

Answer 13

Tail

Question 14

This is the only part of the pancreas that is intraperitoneal.

Answer 14

Tail

Question 15

part of pancreas contained within the splenorenal ligament with the splenic vessels.

Answer 15

Tail

Question 16

The exocrine pancreas is classified as a ______ which produces digestive enzyme precursors

Answer 16

lobulated, serous gland

Question 17

exocrine pancreas

is composed of approximately one million ‘berry-like’ clusters of cells called

Answer 17

acini

Question 18

acini are connected by

Answer 18

short intercalated ducts

Question 19

The intercalated ducts unite with those draining adjacent lobules and drain into a network of
_____

Answer 19

intralobular collecting ducts

Question 20

intralobular collecting ducts drain into

Answer 20

main pancreatic duct.

Question 21

The pancreatic duct runs the length of the pancreas and unites with the common bile duct, forming the

Answer 21

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

Question 22

This structure then opens into the duodenum via the major duodenal papilla.

Answer 22

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

Question 23

Secretions into the duodenum are controlled by a muscular valve

Answer 23

Sphincter of Oddi

Question 24

Blood supply of the pancreas

Answer 24

• pancreatic branches of the splenic artery
• head -> superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries which are branches of the gastroduodenal (from coeliac trunk) and superior mesenteric arteries, respectively.

Question 25

venous drainage of the pancreas

Answer 25

* head : superior mesenteric vein -> hepatic portal vein | * pancreatic veins -> splenic vein

Question 26

Lymphatic drainage of pancreas

Answer 26

panreaticosplenal nodes pyloric nodes -> superior mesenteric nodes -> celiac nodes

Question 27

causes of pancreatitis

Answer 27

GET SMASHED Gall stones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion stings Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism ERCP – endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Drugs – such as sodium valproate, azathioprine and sulphonamides

Question 28

s and sx of pancreatitis

Answer 28

severe epigastric pain which often radiates to the back, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.

Question 29

Tx pancreatitis

Answer 29

IV fluids and analgesia. Antibiotics are rarely required The underlying cause will then also need to be treated.

Question 30

head of the pancreas and uncinate process is derived from

Answer 30

ventral pancreatic bud

Question 31

the parts of the head , body and tail of the pancreas is derived from

Answer 31

dorsal pacreatic bud

Question 32

A tumor involving the uncinate process of the pancreas will most likely compress

Answer 32

superior mesenteric artery

Question 33

accounts for most cases of extrahepatic obstruction of the biliary system compresses and obstructs the bile duct causing obstructive jaundice resulting in retention of bile pigments, enlargement of GB and jaundice

Answer 33

pancreatic cancer

Question 34

cancer of neck and body of pancreas may cause

Answer 34

portal or IVC obstruction

Question 35

surgical resection done in cases of pancreatic cancer structures removed: head of pancreas, duodenum, CBD, GB, distal part of stomach

Answer 35

Whipple- Pancreaticoduodenectomy