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Anatomy Topnotch > 6. Pancreas > Flashcards

6. Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal glandular organ with both digestive (exocrine) and hormonal (endocrine) functions.

A

pancreas

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2
Q

The pancreas is an oblong-shaped organ positioned at the level of the

A

transpyloric plane (L1)

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3
Q

Pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ with the exception of

A

tail of pancreas

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4
Q

is formed from peritoneum and connects the spleen to the tail of the pancreas.

A

lienorenal ligament

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5
Q

lie anterior to the pancreas

A

stomach

transverse mesocolon

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6
Q

Descends behind the head of the pancreas before opening into the second part of the duodenum alongside the major pancreatic duct through the major duodenal papilla

A

common bie duct

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7
Q

located posteriorly and laterally to the pancreas

A

spleen

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8
Q

5 parts of the pancreas

A 
Head
Uncinate process
Neck
Body 
Tail
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9
Q

the widest part of the pancreas. It lies within the C-shaped curve created by the duodenum and is connected to it by connective tissue.

A

Head

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10
Q

a projection arising from the lower part of the head and extending medially to lie beneath the body of the pancreas. It lies posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels.

A

Uncinate process

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11
Q

located between the head and the body of the pancreas. It overlies the superior mesenteric vessels which form a groove in its posterior aspect.

A

Neck of pancreas

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12
Q

centrally located part of pancreas, crossing the midline of the human body to lie behind the stomach and to the left of the superior mesenteric vessels.

A

Body

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13
Q

the left end of the pancreas that lies within close proximity to the hilum of the spleen.

A

Tail

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14
Q

This is the only part of the pancreas that is intraperitoneal.

A

Tail

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15
Q

part of pancreas contained within the splenorenal ligament with the splenic vessels.

A

Tail

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16
Q

The exocrine pancreas is classified as a ______ which produces digestive enzyme precursors

A

lobulated, serous gland

17
Q

exocrine pancreas

is composed of approximately one million ‘berry-like’ clusters of cells called

A

acini

18
Q

acini are connected by

A

short intercalated ducts

19
Q

The intercalated ducts unite with those draining adjacent lobules and drain into a network of
_____

A

intralobular collecting ducts

20
Q

intralobular collecting ducts drain into

A

main pancreatic duct.

21
Q

The pancreatic duct runs the length of the pancreas and unites with the common bile duct, forming the

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

22
Q

This structure then opens into the duodenum via the major duodenal papilla.

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

23
Q

Secretions into the duodenum are controlled by a muscular valve

A

Sphincter of Oddi

24
Q

Blood supply of the pancreas

A
  • pancreatic branches of the splenic artery
  • head -> superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries which are branches of the gastroduodenal (from coeliac trunk) and superior mesenteric arteries, respectively.
25
Q

venous drainage of the pancreas

A
  • head : superior mesenteric vein -> hepatic portal vein

* pancreatic veins -> splenic vein

26
Q

Lymphatic drainage of pancreas

A

panreaticosplenal nodes
pyloric nodes

-> superior mesenteric nodes -> celiac nodes

27
Q

causes of pancreatitis

A

GET SMASHED

Gall stones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion stings
Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism
ERCP – endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Drugs – such as sodium valproate, azathioprine and sulphonamides

28
Q

s and sx of pancreatitis

A

severe epigastric pain which often radiates to the back, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.

29
Q

Tx pancreatitis

A

IV fluids and analgesia. Antibiotics are rarely required

The underlying cause will then also need to be treated.

30
Q

head of the pancreas and uncinate process is derived from

A

ventral pancreatic bud

31
Q

the parts of the head , body and tail of the pancreas is derived from

A

dorsal pacreatic bud

32
Q

A tumor involving the uncinate process of the pancreas will most likely compress

A

superior mesenteric artery

33
Q

accounts for most cases of extrahepatic obstruction of the biliary system

compresses and obstructs the bile duct causing obstructive jaundice resulting in retention of bile pigments, enlargement of GB and jaundice

A

pancreatic cancer

34
Q

cancer of neck and body of pancreas may cause

A

portal or IVC obstruction

35
Q

surgical resection done in cases of pancreatic cancer

structures removed: head of pancreas, duodenum, CBD, GB, distal part of stomach

A

Whipple- Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Anatomy Topnotch (26 decks)

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