7- Introduction to Groups Flashcards
How many people are in a group?
Two or more people
What is a group?
People who share a common definition and evaluation of themselves and behave in accordance with this definition
How are categories important in groups?
People who share characteristics are in the same group
What is entitativity?
Group property that makes it appear as a coherent, distinct and unitary entity
What are the features of high-entitativity groups? (4 points)
Clear boundaries
Internally well-structured
Homogeneous
More interdependent members with a tightly shared fate
What are the features of low-entitativity groups? (2 points)
Fuzzy boundaries and structure
Heterogeneous
What is a common-bond based on?
Attachment among members
What is the egocentric principle in common-bond groups?
Personal goals are more salient
Who rates common-bond groups as more important?
Women
What are common-identity groups based on?
Direct attachment to the group
What is the altruistic principle in common-identity groups?
Group goals are more salient
Who rates common-identity groups as more important and why?
Men as groups may last longer
Can all collections of people be considered as groups?
No
What are social aggregates?
Collections of unrelated individuals
How does the individualistic perspective suggest that people in groups behave compared to alone?
Don’t believe differently when in groups compared to when they’re by themselves
What does the individualistic perspective say that group processes are nothing more than?
Nothing more than interpersonal processes between several people
What does the collectivistic perspective say that the behaviour of people in groups is influenced by?
By unique social processes and cognitive representations that can only occur in and emerge from groups
What is group cohesiveness?
Property of a group that affectively binds group members
How is group cohesiveness produced?
By attractiveness of the group and its members
How is interpersonal liking increased?
By similarity, cooperation, interpersonal acceptance, shared threat
Who came up with ‘social glue’ hypothesis?
Van Vugt and Hart, 2004
What is the ‘social glue’ hypothesis?
Group cooperation –> ingroup loyalty and willingness to sacrifice self-gain
What is personal attraction based on?
True interpersonal attraction based on close relationships and idiosyncratic preferences
Is personal attraction anything to do with groups?
No
What is social attraction based on?
Perceptions of self and other people in terms not of individuality but of group norms or prototypicality
