3- Attitudes

Question 1

What are the two key features of attitudes?

Answer 1

They are in everyday life, and they are enduring

Question 2

What is an attitude?

Answer 2

A psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favour or disfavour

Question 3

What is the ABC of the three-component attitude model?

Answer 3

Affective, behavioural, cognitive

Question 4

What is the affective part of attitudes?

Answer 4

Feelings about an attitude object

Question 5

What is the behavioural part of attitudes?

Answer 5

Predisposition to act in a certain way to the attitude object

Question 6

What is the cognitive part of attitudes?

Answer 6

Beliefs about an attitude object

Question 7

What is the main definition of an object?

Answer 7

A relatively enduring organisation of beliefs, feelings and behavioural tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, events, or symbols

Question 8

What kind of component is an attitude?

Answer 8

A unitary one

Question 9

How can we measure attitudes?

Answer 9

On a spectrum

Question 10

What are the four main functions of attitudes?

Answer 10

1. Knowledge
2. Instrumentality
3. Ego-defence
4. Value-expressiveness

Question 11

What is instrumentality as an attitude function?

Answer 11

Means to an end or goal

Question 12

What is ego-defence as a function of attitudes?

Answer 12

To protect self-esteem

Question 13

What is value-expresiveness as an attitude function?

Answer 13

To display values that uniquely identify and define us

Question 14

What are two direct measures of measuring attitudes?

Answer 14

Self-report measures and attitude scales

Question 15

What do we do with self-report measures?

Answer 15

Just ask people to report

Question 16

What are the advantages of self-report measures?

Answer 16

Direct and straightforward

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of self-report measures?

Answer 17

They are not always accurate

Question 18

What are attitude scales?

Answer 18

Multi-item questionnaires designed to measure people’s attitudes

Question 19

What are the three indirect ways of measuring attitudes?

Answer 19

Monitor physiological indices, implicit association test, and measure the speed with which one responds to pairings of concepts and evaluations

Question 20

What is the advantage of monitoring physiological indices?

Answer 20

It is difficult to control physical responses

Question 21

What is a disadvantage of monitoring physiological indices?

Answer 21

Physical responses are sensitive to variables other than attitudes

Question 22

What does a facial electromyograph do?

Answer 22

Records facial muscle activity associated with emotions and attitudes

Question 23

Why do we measure facial muscle activity?

Answer 23

Certain muscles contract when we feel specific emotions

Question 24

How can priming be measured?

Answer 24

A prime is presented subliminally or supraliminally

Question 25

What does subliminally mean?

Answer 25

Stimulus may not be consciously perceived

Question 26

What does supraliminally mean?

Answer 26

Stimuli are perceived by the conscious mind

Question 27

What does priming activate?

Answer 27

Stereotypic judgemennts

Question 28

What does the implicit association test measure?

Answer 28

Reaction time

Question 29

What indicates a stronger mental association?

Answer 29

A faster and more accurate response