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Anatomy 2 Unit 2 > 7 - Eye and Orbit > Flashcards

7 - Eye and Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

Palpebral conjuctiva –

A

membrane lining inner eyelid

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2
Q

Bulbar conjuctiva –

A

membrane lining surface of eye

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3
Q

Conjuctival sac

A

potential space between these membranes

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4
Q

Fornices –

A

conjunctival reflections from eyelid to eye

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5
Q

Space between eyelids when open =

A

palpebral fissure

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6
Q

Tarsal glands embedded in

A

tarsal plates

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7
Q

modified sebaceous glands –>

A

secretions increase viscosity of tears & decreases rate of evaporation

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8
Q

Ciliary glands associated with :

A

eyelash follicles, sebaceous & sweat glands

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9
Q

Orbital septum =

A

extension of periosteum into the upper & lower eyelids

extends into the eyelids

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10
Q

Bony orbit Objects piercing roof enter

A

anterior cranial fossa

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11
Q

Bony orbit Bony orbit Objects piercing floor enter

A

maxillary sinus

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12
Q

Bony orbit Objects piercing medial wall enter

A

ethmoid air cells

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13
Q

Bony orbit Objects piercing lateral wall enter

A

r temporal fossa

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14
Q

Bony orbit Objects piercing superior orbital fissure enter

A

middle cranial fossa

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15
Q

Supraorbital notch/foramen

A

Supraorbital n. (branch of CN V1) & a.

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16
Q

Inferior orbital fissure

A

Infraorbital n. & zygomatic n. (branch of CN V2) & a.

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17
Q

Infraorbital foramen

A

Infraorbital n. (branch of CN V2) & a.

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18
Q

Ant. ethmoid foramen

A

Ant. ethmoidal n. (branch of CN V1) & a.

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19
Q

Post. ethmoidal foramen

A

Post. ethmoidal n. (branch of CN V1) & a.

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20
Q

Ophthalmic a. is a branch off the

A

the ICA

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21
Q

Supraorbital a. branch off

A

ophthalmic a.

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22
Q

Infraorbital a. branch off .

A

maxillary a

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23
Q

The eyeball occupies the anterior part of the orbit.

Its rounded shape is disrupted

A

anteriorly, where it bulges outward.

This outward projection represents about 1/6 of the total area of the eyeball while the rest of the globe is approximately 5/6 of the total area
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24
Q

The eyeball has three layers (or tunics)

A

fibrous (outer/external) layer
vascular (middle) layer
inner (internal) layer

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25
Q

Sclera

A

posterior 5/6 of outer layer (white part); the sclera is the important attachment point for the extrinsic eye muscles

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26
Q

Cornea

A

anterior 1/6 of outer layer (transparent)

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27
Q

Choroid - middle eye

A

thin middle layer of ciliary aa. & vorticose vv.

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28
Q

Ciliary body - middle eye

A

smooth m. around lens for accommodation

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29
Q

Iris - middle eye

A

colored smooth m. behind cornea controlling pupil size

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30
Q

Pupil - middle eye

A

adjustable aperture thru which light enters eye

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31
Q

middle eye

A

Remember this is the vascular layer

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32
Q

Vorticose vv. drain

A

choroid from each posterior quadrant – drain into superior and inferior ophthalmic vv.

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33
Q

Inner eye This is the nervous

A

visual” layer

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34
Q

Retina - inner eye

A

neural layer of eye which receives light rays

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35
Q

Macula lutea - inner eye

A

oval region of retina for visual acuity (yellow in color thus only visible with red-free light)

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36
Q

Optic disc – inner eye

A

regions where CN II & retinal vessels enter/exit

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37
Q

Fovea centralis - inner eye

A

most acute vision site at center of macula

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38
Q

Refractive Media of the Eye - Cornea

A

largely responsible for refraction of light in the eye

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39
Q

Refractive Media of the Eye - Lens focuses

A

light rays & near or distant objects on retina

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40
Q

Refractive Media of the Eye - Aqueous humor –

A

watery filling anterior to lens

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41
Q

Refractive Media of the Eye - Vitreous humor (body) –

A

gelatinous filling posterior to lens

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42
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus - Lacrimal gland – produces

A

lacrimal fluid (tears); flows across eye inferomedially to lubricate it

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43
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus - Lacrimal canaliculi

A

transports tears to lacrimal sac

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44
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus - Lacrimal sac

A

drains tears to nasolacrimal duct

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45
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus - Nasolacrimal duct – drains

A

tears thru nasolacrimal canal (under infr. nasal concha)

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46
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris m

A

raises upper eyelid

47
Q

Superior rectus m. –

A

elevates & adducts eye

intorsion - also rotates eyeball medially

48
Q

Inferior rectus m. –

A

depresses & adducts eye

extorsion - eye (also rotates eyeball laterally)

49
Q

Lateral rectus m. –

A

abducts eye

50
Q

Medial rectus m. –

A

adducts eye

51
Q

Superior oblique m. –

A

depresses & abducts eye

(Intorsion) eye (also rotates eyeball medially

52
Q

Inferior oblique m. –

A

elevates & abducts eye

extrosion) eye (also rotates eyeball laterally

53
Q

All of these muscles, with the exception of

A

levator palpebrae superioris, insert into the sclera

54
Q

CN III

A

Supplies LPS, SR, MR, IR, & IO mm.

Carries parasymp. to ciliary ganglion

55
Q

CN IV

A

Supplies SO m.

56
Q

CN VI

A

Supplies LR m

57
Q

Testing the Extraocular Muscles - each muscle tested

A

individually

Determines if damage is to CNs or single muscle, or single CN

58
Q

Eye is placed in positions of strongest - test

A

individual m. pull

59
Q

The position of abduction/adduction is opposite

A

of m. action

60
Q

Part of the testing is in the

A

vision of seeing the light – CN II

61
Q

Eye can be placed neutrally to test

A

lat. & med. rectus mm.

62
Q

Eye must be abducted to test

A

supr. & infr. rectus mm.

63
Q

Eye must be adducted to test

A

supr. & infr. oblique

64
Q

Optic n

A

Nerve fibers between the eye & chiasm

65
Q

Optic chiasm

A

X-shaped intermingling of nerve fibers

66
Q

Optic tract

A

Nerve fibers from chiasm to brain

67
Q

2 visual fields:

A

Temporal retina

Nasal retina

68
Q

Temporal vision crosses over at

A

chiasm

69
Q

Nasal vision remains

A

ipsilateral

70
Q

Visual field testing

A

detects blindness

Location of lesion determines deficit

71
Q

Optic n. lesion

A

results in total blindness in affected eye

72
Q

Optic chiasm lesion

A

produces loss of peripheral vision

73
Q

Optic tract lesion

A

results in ipsilateral nasal visual field loss & contralateral temporal visual field loss

74
Q

Ciliary Ganglion receives p-symp from

A

from CN III

Sends short ciliary nn. to posterior eye

75
Q

Ciliary ganglion supplies p-symp to

A

Supplies p-symp. to:
Ciliary m.
Pupillary sphincter m.

76
Q

Ciliary ganglion- supplies Symp. to

A

pupillary dilator m. via internal carotid plexus

77
Q

Ciliary ganglion receives

A

3 types of fibers from 3 separate sources

Sensory fibers from CN V1 via the sensory or nasociliary root of the ciliary ganglion
Presynaptic parasympathetic fibers from CN III via the parasympathetic or oculomotor root of the ciliary ganglion
Postsynaptic sympathetic fibers from the internal carotid plexus via the sympathetic root of the ciliary ganglion

78
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex tested with

A

pen light

79
Q

Pupillary light reflex Tests

A

CN II & CN III pupillary responses

Eyes tested individually
Light enters 1 eye, both pupils should constrict
CN III p-symp. lesion
Pupil remains dilated

80
Q

CN V1 in the Orbit- 3 divisions

A

Nasociliary n
Frontal n.
Lacrimal n.

81
Q

Nasociliary n

A

Ethmoidal & infratrochlear nn.

Long ciliary nn. (sensory & symp.) to posterior eye

82
Q

Frontal n

A

Supraorbital & supratrochlear nn.

83
Q

Lacrimal n.

A

Supplies lacrimal gland & conjunctiva

84
Q

Arteries of the Orbit & Eye - Ophthalmic a. –

A

gives rise to all aa. of eye

85
Q

Arteries of the Orbit & Eye - Posterior ciliary aa. –

A

supplies outer & middle layers of eye

86
Q

Arteries of the Orbit & Eye - Central retinal a.

A

supplies inner layer of retina

87
Q

Arteries of the Orbit & Eye - Ethmoidal aa. –

A

supply ant. cranial fossa, nose, & sinuses

88
Q

Arteries of the Orbit & Eye - Supraorbital a. –

A

supplies central region of forehead

89
Q

Arteries of the Orbit & Eye - Supratrochlear a. –

A

supplies medial region of forehead

90
Q

Arteries of the Orbit & Eye - Lacrimal a.

A

Lacrimal a. – supplies lacrimal gland

91
Q

Veins of the Orbit & Eye - Superior ophthalmic v. –

A

from upper med. orbit

92
Q

Veins of the Orbit & Eye - Inferior ophthalmic v.

A

from lower med. orbit

Both anastomose with facial v. & drain to cavernous sinus

93
Q

Veins of the Orbit & Eye - Central retinal v.

A

from retina & drains to cavernous sinus

94
Q

Veins of the Orbit & Eye - Vorticose vv. –

A

from vascular layer of eye

Drains into superior & inferior ophthalmic vv.

95
Q

Support for eyelids mainly

A

connective tissue

96
Q

Orbital septum extension of

A

periosteum

97
Q

Superior tarsus

A

dense connective tissue for eyelid support. Superior has muscle fibers from levator palpebrae superioris (smooth muscle portion) Inserts into orbital septum

98
Q

Tarsus lateral attachemnt

A

lateral palpebral ligament - goes onto zygomatic bone

99
Q

Ciliary glands

A

associated with eyelashes.

100
Q

Autonomics get to lacrimal gland via

A

optic tract

101
Q

Parasymp to lacrimal gland:

A

greater petrusal –> pterygopalatine ganglia (here it becomes postganglionic) –> maxillary nerve –> zygomatic nerve –> lacrimal nerve

102
Q

Sympathetics to lacrimal gland

A

Pre to post occurs in superior cervical ganglion. Postsynaptic ride on internal carotid plexus, go to deep petrusal nerve, joins with greater petrusal.

103
Q

Sympathetics

A

anywhere there are blood vessels

104
Q

Presynaptic sympathetics lcated in

A

T1

105
Q

Nerve of pterygoid canal has

A

both symp and parasymp.

106
Q

Sympathetic control

A

Dilator pupilae - attention.

107
Q

retina

A

11 or 12 layers

108
Q

Meningeal layers continue on

A

optic nerve to eye

109
Q

lens flips the

A

image

110
Q

Vitreous humor

A

not remade

111
Q

Periorbita

A

periosteum lining orbit

112
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

loss of symp function in head. Pupilllary constriction, absence of sweating (also under symp).

113
Q

Trochlear continues overtop of

A

levator palpebrae… splits

114
Q

P-symp in eye

A

for ciliary muscle and pup sphincter.

Anatomy 2 Unit 2 (15 decks)

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