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Anatomy 2 Unit 2 > 3 - Face nose and ears dev. > Flashcards

3 - Face nose and ears dev. Flashcards

1
Q

Most Facial structures develop during weeks

A

4-8 (or the second month)

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2
Q

Week 4

A

Pharyngeal arches appear; formation if maxillary and mandibular processes; buccopharyngeal membrane breaks down

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3
Q

Weeks 5-6:

A

Nasal placode invaginates to form the nasal pit, creating medial & lateral nasal processes; nasal pits deepen to form the nasal cavity

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4
Q

Week 7

A

Facial swellings fuse to create the rudiment of the face; secondary palate is formed

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5
Q

Week 10

A

Fetal development:

Cranium expands; ears move superiorly; eyes move medially; nose becomes more prominent; facial proportions normalize as acquire teeth & paranasal sinsues

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6
Q

Fetal period

A

3 mo. To birth. Nose becomes more prominent and well defined.

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7
Q

Balance in proportions occurs with

A

maxillary and mandibular development as well as the establishment of the paranasal sinuses

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8
Q

Week 4: Facial Primordia

A

5 facial primordia develop as bulging prominences around the stomodeum:

Frontonasal prominence 
Maxillary prominences (2)
Mandibular prominences (2)
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9
Q

Buccopharyngeal membrane separates the primitive oral cavity from the

A

developing gastrointestinal tract. In the early 5th week the buccopharyngeal membrane disintegrates.
(Oropharyngeal = buccopharyngeal = oral membrane)

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10
Q

By the end of the second month we can

A

identify recognizable facial features.

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11
Q

Cranium expands to accompany

A

growing brain, which causes eyes to shift anteriorly & medially

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12
Q

Fetal Period

A

Ears move superiorly

Nose becomes more prominent

At first, facial skeleton appears small in comparison to rest of skull. Proportions become more normal once maxilla & mandible grow to allow space for teeth and once acquire paranasal sinuses

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13
Q

Development of the Nose: Nasal Placodes

A

End of 4th week: 2 ectodermal thickenings develop within frontonasal prominence:
the nasal placodes

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14
Q

Mesenchyme surrounding the placodes

A

proliferates, forming elevations:

Medial nasal prominences (2)
Lateral nasal prominences (2)

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15
Q

Facial Development: Month 2-3

A

Facial features more pronounced, Eyes move medially

Ears move superiorly, 1st ossification centers in skull

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16
Q

Beginning of month 3

A

limbs still small in proportion to body

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17
Q

Both nasal pits deepen and expand dorsally into

A

nasal sacs, which will form the right and left nasal cavities

Week 5 (33-day embryo)

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18
Q

Epithelium of nasal placodes sinks down into underlying

A

mesenchyme to form depressions: nasal pits (the future nostrils (nares))

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19
Q

Nasal pits also appear to sink in due to

A

surrounding elevations (the medial & lateral nasal prominences)

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20
Q

Both nasal sacs will form the

A

right and left nasal cavities

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21
Q

Oronasal membrane separates

A

nasal cavities from oral cavity; ruptures at end of week 6. Nasal & oral cavities now in communication through primordial choanae

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22
Q

buccopharyngeal membrane had disintegrated by the early part of the

A

5th week.

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23
Q

Buccopharyngeal membrane disintegrates, then,

A

Oronasal membrane ruptures & disintegrates. (6th week)

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24
Q

Nasal & oral cavities now in communication through

A

primordial choanae

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25
Q

Development of secondary palate establishes the definitive

A

choanae separating nasal cavities from nasopharynx

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26
Q

Neuroectoderm gives rise to

A

Olfactory epithelium

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27
Q

Nasal conchae develop from

A

lateral walls of nasal cavity.

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28
Q

Mandibular prominences fuse at

A

midline first (day 28)

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29
Q

Maxillary prominences grow in size soon after

A

mand prominences fuse, move medially, compressing medial nasal prominences in midline

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30
Q

After compressed medial nasal prominences in mideline,

A

Medial nasal prominences fuse

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31
Q

Nasolacrimal Groove

A

Cleft between the lateral nasal prominences and the maxillary prominences: the nasolacrimal groove

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32
Q

The nasolacrimal groove is lost when

A

the lateral nasal prominences fuse with the maxillary prominences

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33
Q

Nasolacrimal Duct

A

Ectoderm proliferates into underlying mesenchyme & forms a solid rod that separates from surface & canalizes to become the nasolacrimal duct

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34
Q

Superior end of nasolacrimal duct dilates to form

A

nasolacrimal sac, and inferior end opens up into inferior meatus of nasal cavity

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35
Q

Medial nasal prominences fuse

A

intermaxillary segment:

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36
Q

Philtrum

A

of upper lip (labial component)

37
Q

Premaxillary part of maxilla

A

(upper jaw component) – 4 incisors & associated gingiva

38
Q

Primary palate

A

(palatal component; the 1° palate is only the most anterior portion of the hard palate)

39
Q

Secondary palate

A

the remainder of the hard palate + the soft palate (+ uvula

40
Q

Week 6:

A

Two plates of mesenchyme – lateral palatine processes – extend medially from the maxillary prominences

41
Q

Palatine processes project inferomedially, then swing

A

upwards to assume horizontal position, and fuse with each other, with 1° palate, & with nasal septum

42
Q

The palatal processes close by the end of the

A

10th week, but are fused by the 12th week.

43
Q

Incisive foramen

A

marks where secondary palate fuses with primary palate; used to indicate anterior & posterior palatal defects

44
Q

Median palatine raphe

A

marks where lateral palatine processes fused together

45
Q

Primary palate and anterior portion of secondary palate will ossify forming

A

the bony hard palate

46
Q

Posterior-most portion of the secondary palate does not ossify – extends

A

posteriorly to form the soft palate & uvula

47
Q

Cleft Lip

A

An anterior palatal defect caused by failure of medial nasal prominences to fuse with maxillary prominences on one or both sides

48
Q

Cleft lip can result in

A

cleft lip (unilateral, bilateral, or at midline), cleft palate (between primary and secondary palates)

49
Q

Unilateral cleft lip & palate

A

Failure of MXP on one side to fuse with merged MNPs

50
Q

Bilateral cleft lip & palate

A

Failure of MXPs on both sides to fuse with merged MNPs

51
Q

Week 4: Inner Ear is the

A

first to develop

52
Q

inner ear Develops as a

A

bilateral thickening in surface ectoderm at the level of the caudal hindbrain: otic placodes (2)

53
Q

Ectoderm invaginates in each placode, forming an

A

otic pit, the edges of which pinch off to form an otic vesicle that separates from surface ectoderm –> will become the membranous labyrinth for each ear

54
Q

Otic Vesicle is going to give rise to the

A

membranous labyrinth

55
Q

Inner Ear Development - Diverticulum extends from

A

otic vesicle to form the endolymphatic duct & sac

56
Q

Otic vesicle can be divided into two regions:

A 
Utricular region (dorsal)  utricle + semicircular ducts 
Saccular region (ventral)  saccule + cochlear ducts
57
Q

The cochlear duct grows out as extension from

A

saccular region and coils to form the membranous cochlea

58
Q

Vacuoles develop in cartilage surrounding the

A

cochlear duct and unite to form the perilymphatic space (two divisions: scala vestbuli and scala tympani, both filled with perilymph

59
Q

Cartilage surrounding cochlear duct ossifies to form

A

the bony labyrinth encasing the inner ear structures

60
Q

The cochlear duct grows out as extension from

A

saccular region and coils to form the membranous cochlea

61
Q

Cells in walls of coiled duct form the

A

spiral organ of Corti

62
Q

Cell bodies of CN VIII migrate along coils of

A

cochlear duct and form the spiral ganglion

63
Q

External Ear: Auricle (Pinna) develops from

A

auricular hillocks: mesenchymal proliferations surrounding the 1st pharyngeal groove (mesenchyme from 1st & 2nd pharyngeal arches)

64
Q

Auricles develop at level of

A

1st pharyngeal groove. Auricles will shift to final position (eye level)

65
Q

Optic Vesicles –>

A

Optic Cups & Optic Stalks

66
Q

Lens development –>

A

Lens placode –> Lens pit

67
Q

Remember that the lens is derived from the invagination of

A

surface ectoderm.

68
Q

Hyaloid canal remains as a space left in the

A

vitreous humor

69
Q

Distal portions of the hyaloid a. & v.

A

degenerate - note that the hyaloid v. is not shown in all of the depictions.

70
Q

Central retinal a.

A

(incorporated into optic n.)

71
Q

Coloboma

A

“Key hole” appearance of the iris due to failure of the retinal fissure to close in the 7th week

72
Q

Iris

A

from neural crest

73
Q

Pupillae mm

A

from neuroectoderm

74
Q

The iris forms from

A

mesenchyme (migrated neural crest)

75
Q

Development of the Cornea - lens induces

A

cornea

76
Q

Corneal Layers

A

outer: ectoderm

middle & inner: mesenchyme (migrated neural crest)

77
Q

Eyelids are from

A

From mesenchyme (migrated neural crest)

78
Q

Eyelids are fused

A

weeks 8-27; Open in the 28th week

79
Q

While the eyelids are adherent, there is a closed

A

conjunctival sac anterior to the cornea.

80
Q

Placode

A

thickening of ectoderm

81
Q

Stomodeum

A

primitive mouth

82
Q

Mitral cells

A

in olfactory bulb

83
Q

Bipolar cells

A

CN1

84
Q

Nerves and vessels form

A

before bone

85
Q

Retinal fissure

A

Opening to allow for vasculature to supply developing eye

86
Q

Cornea

A

inner and outer layer - outer is completley continous with surface ectoderm, inner continuous with sclera

87
Q

Ciliary body

A

comes from choroid and neural retina components

88
Q

Cells of ciliary process produce

A

aqueous humor

Anatomy 2 Unit 2 (15 decks)

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