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Anatomy 2 Unit 2 > 11 - Oral Cavity > Flashcards

11 - Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Facial a. supplies most of the

A

superficial structures of oral (buccal) cavity

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2
Q

Oral Cavity roof

A

hard and soft pallate

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3
Q

Oral cavity floor

A

Tongue (dorsum of the tongue) & sublingual region = floor

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4
Q

Oral cavity walls

A

Teeth & gums (gingiva) = anterior/lateral walls

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5
Q

Palatoglossal arches

A

oral cavityposterior/lateral walls

Palatopharyngeal arches

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6
Q

The oral cavity is continuous with the .

A

oropharynx

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7
Q

Palatine aponeurosis

A

From tensor veli palatini m.

& palatoglossus m.)

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8
Q

Levator veli palatini m.

innervation

A

CN X Vagus via pharyngeal branch to pharyngeal plexus

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9
Q

Levator veli palatini m. function

A

Function: Only muscle to elevate the soft palate above the neutral position

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10
Q

Levator veli palatini m. Clinically the Levator is tested by asking the patient to

A

say “ah” (CN X test)
If the muscle on each side is functioning normally, the palate elevates evenly in the midline.
If one side is not functioning, the palate deviates away from the abnormal side

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11
Q

Palate: Vascular Supply

A 
Descending palatine a. 
Greater Palatine a. 
Lesser Palatine a.
Ascending Palatine a
Palatine a
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12
Q

Palate venous drainage via

A

Pterygoid & Pharyngeal plexuses

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13
Q

Descending palatine a.

gives rise to

A

Greater & Lesser Palatine aa

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14
Q

Descending palatine a.

descends

A

thru palatine canal

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15
Q

Greater Palatine a.

supplies

A

anterior palate

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16
Q

Greater Palatine a.

passes through

A

greater palatine foramen

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17
Q

Lesser Palatine a.

supplies

A

posterior palate

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18
Q

Lesser Palatine a.

passes through

A

lesser palatine foramen

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19
Q

Ascending Palatine a.

A

branch of facial a.

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20
Q

Palatine a. -

A

br. of Ascending Pharyngeal a.

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21
Q

Soft Palate: Motor N. Supply

A

Mandibular n. (CN V3)

Vagus n. (CN X)

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22
Q

Mandibular n. (CN V3)

soft palate supplies

A

Supplies Tensor veli palatini m.

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23
Q

Vagus n. (CN X) supplies

soft palate

A

Supplies Levator veli palatini mm., Palatoglossus mm., Palatopharyngeus mm., Musculus uvulae, Salpingopharyngeus mm.* (via pharyngeal plexus)

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24
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Palatine tonsils may be removed

Heavy bleeding may occur from aa

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25
During tonsillectomy, | Bleeding from
paratonsillar v. also common | -Venous drainage from tonsillar bed region
26
-Venous drainage from
tonsillar bed region, Venous drainage to the pterygoid plexus and facial vein.
27
CN IX lies on
lateral pharyngeal wall | Vulnerable to injury because lateral wall is thin
28
Oral Cavity: Lingual N.
Br. CN V3
29
Lingual n. Emerges between
lat. & med. pterygoid mm
30
Oral Cavity: Submandibular Ganglion at level of
3rd molar
31
Submandibular Ganglion Suspended from
Lingual n. by 2 or more short n. brs.
32
Submandibular ganglion - Relays
p-symp. Fibers from chorda tympani (CNVII)
33
Submandibular Ganglion - These fibers travel to
submandibular and sublingual glands
34
Submandibular ganglion - Symp. Fibers to glands are from
external carotid plexus
35
Oral Cavity: Hypoglossal N (CN XII) - Deep to
post. belly digastric and stylohyoid mm.
36
Oral Cavity: Hypoglossal N (CN XII) - Runs anterior between
submandibular gland and hyoglossus m.
37
Oral Cavity: Hypoglossal N (CN XII) - Inferior to
lingual n.
38
Oral Cavity: Hypoglossal N (CN XII) - Superior to
mylohyoid m.
39
Hypoglossal n. CN XII Ends in
posterior tongue to provide motor innervation
40
Oral Cavity: Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX) - Runs lateral to
stylopharyngeus m. to enter pharynx
41
Oral Cavity: Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX) - Between
superior & middle constrictor mm.
42
Oral Cavity: Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX) - Continues =]
anteriorly thru tonsillar region
43
Oral Cavity: Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX) - Ends in
posterior tongue to receive sensory innervation
44
Muscles of tongue
``` Palatoglossus m. Styloglossus m. Hyoglossus m. Genioglossus m. Intrinsic mm. ```
45
Styloglossus m.
Styloid process to tongue
46
Hyoglossus m.
Hyoid bone to tongue
47
Genioglossus m.
Genoid tubercle of mandible to tongue
48
Intrinsic mm.
Vertical, transverse & long fibers
49
Clinical Notes: Genioglossus m. - Paired mm. fused in
midline that serves to protrude tongue
50
Clinical Notes: Genioglossus m. - Unilateral paralysis of CN XII affects
straight protrusion Intact side protrudes more than affected side Results in deviation of tongue toward paralyzed side
51
Clinical Notes: Genioglossus m. - Bilateral paralysis results in
inability to protrude tongue | Tongue falls back & may occlude airway (suffocation)
52
CN XII test:
ask patient to ‘stick out their tongue’
53
Oral Cavity: Arterial Supply
Facial a Maxillary a. lingual a. Accompanying vv. provide venous drainage to IJV
54
Facial a.
supplies most of superficial structures
55
Maxillary a.
supplies buccinator m.
56
Lingual a.
supplies most of deeper structures 3 brs. to tongue region Dorsal Lingual a., Deep lingual a., & Sublingual a.
57
Oral Cavity: Tongue: special sensory
Chorda tympani n. (CNVII) Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX) Vagus
58
Chorda tympani n. (CNVII)
Taste of anterior 2/3 | Fibers travel with lingual n.
59
Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
Taste from posterior 1/3 tongue
60
Vagus n.
Vagus (CN X) | Taste from root of tongue and epiglottis
61
Oral Cavity: Tongue: general sensory
Lingual n. (CNV3 Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX) Vagus (CN X)
62
Lingual n. (CNV3)
Sensory of anterior 2/3 tongue
63
Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
Sensory of posterior 1/3 tongue
64
Vagus (CN X)
Sensory of root of tongue and epiglottis
65
Ant. Supr. Alveolar a. –
br. of Infraorbital a.
66
Mid. Supr. Alveolar a. –
br. of Infraorbital a. (When it exists as a separate br.)
67
Post. Supr. Alveolar a. –
br. of Maxillary a.
68
Inferior Alveolar a. –
br. of Maxillary a.
69
An epithelial membrane consists of an
epithelial tissue bound to an underlying connective tissue layer.
70
The three types of epithelial membranes are:
1) Cutaneous Membranes 2) Mucous Membranes * 3) Serous Membranes
71
The primary epithelium of the oral cavity is
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium; has a stratum basale, stratum spinosum, and a stratum superficiale.
72
primary epithelium of the oral cavity -
This is found covering the soft palate, lips, cheeks, inferior surface of tongue, and the floor of the mouth; part of lining mucosa.
73
In certain areas of the oral cavity have a special
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (i.e., parakaratinized); specifically the hard palate, gingiva (gums) and the dorsum of the tongue; part of masticatory mucosa.
74
Sensory Receptor Organ
taste buds
75
Cells of Taste Bud
Neuroepithelial (or Sensory or Gustatory or Gustatory Receptor or Taste) Cells, Supporting Cells, and Basal Cells.
76
Apical Foramen –
opening at the base of the tooth into the pulp cavity; allows entrance and exit of blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to the pulp cavity.
77
Periodontium consists of
Cementum Periodontal Ligaments Alveolar Bone Gingiva
78
Salivary Glands are accessory
digestive organs
79
Major Salivary Glands | produce
& secrete saliva (90%) | 3 paired glands
80
Minor Salivary Glands
numerous in oral submucosa (10%) | named based on location
81
Salivary Glands: 2 major cell types
serous and mucous cells
82
Serous cells
polarized, protein-secreting, pyramidal
83
Seorus cells secretory granules =
zymogen granules
84
serous cells have
basophilic cytoplasm (RER & free ribosomes)
85
Mucous cells | produce
hydrophilic glycoprotein mucins
86
mucous cells are
cuboidal or columnar
87
Myoepithelial cells | within
basal lamina of secretory unit
88
myoepithelial cells contracts &
accelerates secretion
89
myoepithelial cells prevents
distention when lumen fills
90
Acinus
blind sac composed of secretory cells
91
Serous acini:
serous cells only; generally spherical
92
Mucous acini:
mucous cells only; generally tubular
93
Mixed acini:
both serous & mucous *
94
in traditional fixation methods: mucous acini appear to have a
cap of serous cells (=serous demilunes); found in sublingual & submandibular glands
95
Salivon composed of
acinus, intercalated duct, striated duct & excetory duct Basic unit of salivary gland
96
Ducts: continuous with salivary acini; 3 segments
Intercalated ducts Striated ducts Interlobar or Excretory ducts
97
Intercalated ducts
from acini; low cuboidal epithelials | modifies serous secretion
98
Striated ducts
striations = infoldings of basal plasma membrane; simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium modifies serous secretion
99
Interlobar or Excretory ducts
simple cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar or stratified cuboidal to stratified columnar; may be nonkeratinized stratified squamous as it approaches the oral epithelium
100
Parotid Gland
largest extraoral long excetory duct = parotid duct (parotid papilla at 2nd molar) branched acinar (serous)
101
Submandibular Gland - under
floor of mouth
102
Submandibular Gland -
Extraoral & Intraoral
103
Submandibular Gland - have long
excetory duct = submandibular duct (lingual frenulum
104
Submandibular Gland - have branched
tubuloacinar - (mixed but mostly mucous)
105
Tonsils
Lymphatic tissue
106
lymphatic tissues that form a ring around the oropharynx =
Waldeyer’s ring.
107
Tonsils misc.
paired palatine pharyngeal (adenoids) in the nasopharynx lingual
108
Wharton's duct
submand. duct
109
Oropharyngeal isthmus is the
posterior extent of oral cavity - palatoglossal arch
110
Conae
posterior opening of nasal cavity
111
Oral fissure line of separation for
v2 and v3 innervation
112
Orbicularis oris innervated by
CN7
113
Vermillion borders
color - underlying connective tissue has large deep papillae, bringing vasculature to surface
114
Uvular muscle only seen in
midline
115
Palatine tonsils
can regress
116
tensor veli palatini in fossa between
medial and lateral pterygoid plates. INferior extension hook sunderneath hamulus (inferior extent of medial p. plate) Seals palate during swallowing.
117
tendon of tensor veli merges to
aponeurosis in soft palate
118
Levator veli palatini is
posteiror and medial to tensor
119
LVP is along long axis of
pharyngotympanic tube these two lift palate together
120
.Incisive foramen between
palatine processes - near 4 incisors
121
Vasculature anastamoses on
nasal cavity side
122
Nerves anastamose on
oral cavity side
123
Pterygopalatine ganglion serves
palate and (p-symp) glands
124
Sympathetics do not
synpase in pterygopalatine ganglion
125
Fibriated fold - line where
we can see superficial veins and not
126
Lingual nerve crosses submandibular duct
twice
127
Submandibular ganglion supplies
p-symp to submand and subling glands
128
Parakeratinized epithelium
intermediate
129
Foramen cecum is embryological remnant of
thyroid gland
130
Filiform are most
numerous, keratinied, cones directed posteriorly - licking ice cream cone, kind of pointy - NO TASTE BUDS
131
Fungiform
red dots on front, a few taste buds at tip, not very keratinized
132
Folliate papillae
lateral tongue, lost through adolescence.
133
Vellate papillae
have large moat filled with salivary secretion (from lingual glands). lateral walls filled with taste buds.
134
Without liquid to dissolve food,
no taste
135
Hairy tongue affected
filiform
136
How many taste buds
10,000, majority on circumvellate
137
Apex of taste bud have
long microvilli that create hair process to receive chemical stimuli. Carry signal to basal cells that support populations (stem cell layer).
138
parotid gland predominatey
serous
139
submand predominately
serous, some mucous
140
sublingual predominately
mucous, some serous
141
Striated ducts modify
secretions
142
Base of tonsil crypts hold
basal cells. Infection in this tissue can perpetuate permanently.
143
Infection of differentiated layers can be
resolved in a few years

Anatomy 2 Unit 2 (15 decks)

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