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Anatomy 2 Unit 2 > 11 - Oral Cavity > Flashcards

11 - Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Facial a. supplies most of the

A

superficial structures of oral (buccal) cavity

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2
Q

Oral Cavity roof

A

hard and soft pallate

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3
Q

Oral cavity floor

A

Tongue (dorsum of the tongue) & sublingual region = floor

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4
Q

Oral cavity walls

A

Teeth & gums (gingiva) = anterior/lateral walls

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5
Q

Palatoglossal arches

A

oral cavityposterior/lateral walls

Palatopharyngeal arches

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6
Q

The oral cavity is continuous with the .

A

oropharynx

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7
Q

Palatine aponeurosis

A

From tensor veli palatini m.

& palatoglossus m.)

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8
Q

Levator veli palatini m.

innervation

A

CN X Vagus via pharyngeal branch to pharyngeal plexus

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9
Q

Levator veli palatini m. function

A

Function: Only muscle to elevate the soft palate above the neutral position

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10
Q

Levator veli palatini m. Clinically the Levator is tested by asking the patient to

A

say “ah” (CN X test)
If the muscle on each side is functioning normally, the palate elevates evenly in the midline.
If one side is not functioning, the palate deviates away from the abnormal side

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11
Q

Palate: Vascular Supply

A 
Descending palatine a. 
Greater Palatine a. 
Lesser Palatine a.
Ascending Palatine a
Palatine a
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12
Q

Palate venous drainage via

A

Pterygoid & Pharyngeal plexuses

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13
Q

Descending palatine a.

gives rise to

A

Greater & Lesser Palatine aa

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14
Q

Descending palatine a.

descends

A

thru palatine canal

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15
Q

Greater Palatine a.

supplies

A

anterior palate

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16
Q

Greater Palatine a.

passes through

A

greater palatine foramen

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17
Q

Lesser Palatine a.

supplies

A

posterior palate

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18
Q

Lesser Palatine a.

passes through

A

lesser palatine foramen

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19
Q

Ascending Palatine a.

A

branch of facial a.

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20
Q

Palatine a. -

A

br. of Ascending Pharyngeal a.

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21
Q

Soft Palate: Motor N. Supply

A

Mandibular n. (CN V3)

Vagus n. (CN X)

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22
Q

Mandibular n. (CN V3)

soft palate supplies

A

Supplies Tensor veli palatini m.

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23
Q

Vagus n. (CN X) supplies

soft palate

A

Supplies Levator veli palatini mm., Palatoglossus mm., Palatopharyngeus mm., Musculus uvulae, Salpingopharyngeus mm.* (via pharyngeal plexus)

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24
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Palatine tonsils may be removed

Heavy bleeding may occur from aa

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25
Q

During tonsillectomy,

Bleeding from

A

paratonsillar v. also common

-Venous drainage from tonsillar bed region

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26
Q

-Venous drainage from

A

tonsillar bed region, Venous drainage to the pterygoid plexus and facial vein.

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27
Q

CN IX lies on

A

lateral pharyngeal wall

Vulnerable to injury because lateral wall is thin

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28
Q

Oral Cavity: Lingual N.

A

Br. CN V3

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29
Q

Lingual n. Emerges between

A

lat. & med. pterygoid mm

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30
Q

Oral Cavity: Submandibular Ganglion at level of

A

3rd molar

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31
Q

Submandibular Ganglion Suspended from

A

Lingual n. by 2 or more short n. brs.

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32
Q

Submandibular ganglion - Relays

A

p-symp. Fibers from chorda tympani (CNVII)

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33
Q

Submandibular Ganglion - These fibers travel to

A

submandibular and sublingual glands

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34
Q

Submandibular ganglion - Symp. Fibers to glands are from

A

external carotid plexus

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35
Q

Oral Cavity: Hypoglossal N (CN XII) - Deep to

A

post. belly digastric and stylohyoid mm.

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36
Q

Oral Cavity: Hypoglossal N (CN XII) - Runs anterior between

A

submandibular gland and hyoglossus m.

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37
Q

Oral Cavity: Hypoglossal N (CN XII) - Inferior to

A

lingual n.

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38
Q

Oral Cavity: Hypoglossal N (CN XII) - Superior to

A

mylohyoid m.

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39
Q

Hypoglossal n. CN XII Ends in

A

posterior tongue to provide motor innervation

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40
Q

Oral Cavity: Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX) - Runs lateral to

A

stylopharyngeus m. to enter pharynx

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41
Q

Oral Cavity: Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX) - Between

A

superior & middle constrictor mm.

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42
Q

Oral Cavity: Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX) - Continues =]

A

anteriorly thru tonsillar region

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43
Q

Oral Cavity: Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX) - Ends in

A

posterior tongue to receive sensory innervation

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44
Q

Muscles of tongue

A 
Palatoglossus m.
Styloglossus m.
Hyoglossus m.
Genioglossus m.
Intrinsic mm.
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45
Q

Styloglossus m.

A

Styloid process to tongue

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46
Q

Hyoglossus m.

A

Hyoid bone to tongue

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47
Q

Genioglossus m.

A

Genoid tubercle of mandible to tongue

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48
Q

Intrinsic mm.

A

Vertical, transverse & long fibers

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49
Q

Clinical Notes: Genioglossus m. - Paired mm. fused in

A

midline that serves to protrude tongue

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50
Q

Clinical Notes: Genioglossus m. - Unilateral paralysis of CN XII affects

A

straight protrusion
Intact side protrudes more than affected side
Results in deviation of tongue toward paralyzed side

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51
Q

Clinical Notes: Genioglossus m. - Bilateral paralysis results in

A

inability to protrude tongue

Tongue falls back & may occlude airway (suffocation)

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52
Q

CN XII test:

A

ask patient to ‘stick out their tongue’

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53
Q

Oral Cavity: Arterial Supply

A

Facial a
Maxillary a.
lingual a.

Accompanying vv. provide venous drainage to IJV

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54
Q

Facial a.

A

supplies most of superficial structures

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55
Q

Maxillary a.

A

supplies buccinator m.

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56
Q

Lingual a.

A

supplies most of deeper structures
3 brs. to tongue region
Dorsal Lingual a., Deep lingual a., & Sublingual a.

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57
Q

Oral Cavity: Tongue: special sensory

A

Chorda tympani n. (CNVII)
Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
Vagus

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58
Q

Chorda tympani n. (CNVII)

A

Taste of anterior 2/3

Fibers travel with lingual n.

59
Q

Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)

A

Taste from posterior 1/3 tongue

60
Q

Vagus n.

A

Vagus (CN X)

Taste from root of tongue and epiglottis

61
Q

Oral Cavity: Tongue: general sensory

A

Lingual n. (CNV3
Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
Vagus (CN X)

62
Q

Lingual n. (CNV3)

A

Sensory of anterior 2/3 tongue

63
Q

Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)

A

Sensory of posterior 1/3 tongue

64
Q

Vagus (CN X)

A

Sensory of root of tongue and epiglottis

65
Q

Ant. Supr. Alveolar a. –

A

br. of Infraorbital a.

66
Q

Mid. Supr. Alveolar a. –

A

br. of Infraorbital a. (When it exists as a separate br.)

67
Q

Post. Supr. Alveolar a. –

A

br. of Maxillary a.

68
Q

Inferior Alveolar a. –

A

br. of Maxillary a.

69
Q

An epithelial membrane consists of an

A

epithelial tissue bound to an underlying connective tissue layer.

70
Q

The three types of epithelial membranes are:

A

1) Cutaneous Membranes
2) Mucous Membranes *
3) Serous Membranes

71
Q

The primary epithelium of the oral cavity is

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium; has a stratum basale, stratum spinosum, and a stratum superficiale.

72
Q

primary epithelium of the oral cavity -

A

This is found covering the soft palate, lips, cheeks, inferior surface of tongue, and the floor of the mouth; part of lining mucosa.

73
Q

In certain areas of the oral cavity have a special

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (i.e., parakaratinized); specifically the hard palate, gingiva (gums) and the dorsum of the tongue; part of masticatory mucosa.

74
Q

Sensory Receptor Organ

A

taste buds

75
Q

Cells of Taste Bud

A

Neuroepithelial (or Sensory or Gustatory or Gustatory Receptor or Taste) Cells, Supporting Cells, and Basal Cells.

76
Q

Apical Foramen –

A

opening at the base of the tooth into the pulp cavity; allows entrance and exit of blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to the pulp cavity.

77
Q

Periodontium consists of

A

Cementum
Periodontal Ligaments
Alveolar Bone
Gingiva

78
Q

Salivary Glands are accessory

A

digestive organs

79
Q

Major Salivary Glands

produce

A

& secrete saliva (90%)

3 paired glands

80
Q

Minor Salivary Glands

A

numerous in oral submucosa (10%)

named based on location

81
Q

Salivary Glands: 2 major cell types

A

serous and mucous cells

82
Q

Serous cells

A

polarized, protein-secreting, pyramidal

83
Q

Seorus cells secretory granules =

A

zymogen granules

84
Q

serous cells have

A

basophilic cytoplasm (RER & free ribosomes)

85
Q

Mucous cells

produce

A

hydrophilic glycoprotein mucins

86
Q

mucous cells are

A

cuboidal or columnar

87
Q

Myoepithelial cells

within

A

basal lamina of secretory unit

88
Q

myoepithelial cells contracts &

A

accelerates secretion

89
Q

myoepithelial cells prevents

A

distention when lumen fills

90
Q

Acinus

A

blind sac composed of secretory cells

91
Q

Serous acini:

A

serous cells only; generally spherical

92
Q

Mucous acini:

A

mucous cells only; generally tubular

93
Q

Mixed acini:

A

both serous & mucous *

94
Q

in traditional fixation methods: mucous acini appear to have a

A

cap of serous cells (=serous demilunes); found in sublingual & submandibular glands

95
Q

Salivon composed of

A

acinus, intercalated duct, striated duct & excetory duct

Basic unit of salivary gland

96
Q

Ducts: continuous with salivary acini; 3 segments

A

Intercalated ducts
Striated ducts
Interlobar or Excretory ducts

97
Q

Intercalated ducts

A

from acini; low cuboidal epithelials

modifies serous secretion

98
Q

Striated ducts

A

striations = infoldings of basal plasma membrane; simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium
modifies serous secretion

99
Q

Interlobar or Excretory ducts

A

simple cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar or stratified cuboidal to stratified columnar; may be nonkeratinized stratified squamous as it approaches the oral epithelium

100
Q

Parotid Gland

A

largest
extraoral
long excetory duct = parotid duct (parotid papilla at 2nd molar)
branched acinar (serous)

101
Q

Submandibular Gland - under

A

floor of mouth

102
Q

Submandibular Gland -

A

Extraoral & Intraoral

103
Q

Submandibular Gland - have long

A

excetory duct = submandibular duct (lingual frenulum

104
Q

Submandibular Gland - have branched

A

tubuloacinar - (mixed but mostly mucous)

105
Q

Tonsils

A

Lymphatic tissue

106
Q

lymphatic tissues that form a ring around the oropharynx =

A

Waldeyer’s ring.

107
Q

Tonsils misc.

A

paired palatine
pharyngeal (adenoids) in the nasopharynx
lingual

108
Q

Wharton’s duct

A

submand. duct

109
Q

Oropharyngeal isthmus is the

A

posterior extent of oral cavity - palatoglossal arch

110
Q

Conae

A

posterior opening of nasal cavity

111
Q

Oral fissure line of separation for

A

v2 and v3 innervation

112
Q

Orbicularis oris innervated by

A

CN7

113
Q

Vermillion borders

A

color - underlying connective tissue has large deep papillae, bringing vasculature to surface

114
Q

Uvular muscle only seen in

A

midline

115
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

can regress

116
Q

tensor veli palatini in fossa between

A

medial and lateral pterygoid plates. INferior extension hook sunderneath hamulus (inferior extent of medial p. plate)

Seals palate during swallowing.

117
Q

tendon of tensor veli merges to

A

aponeurosis in soft palate

118
Q

Levator veli palatini is

A

posteiror and medial to tensor

119
Q

LVP is along long axis of

A

pharyngotympanic tube

these two lift palate together

120
Q

.Incisive foramen between

A

palatine processes - near 4 incisors

121
Q

Vasculature anastamoses on

A

nasal cavity side

122
Q

Nerves anastamose on

A

oral cavity side

123
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglion serves

A

palate and (p-symp) glands

124
Q

Sympathetics do not

A

synpase in pterygopalatine ganglion

125
Q

Fibriated fold - line where

A

we can see superficial veins and not

126
Q

Lingual nerve crosses submandibular duct

A

twice

127
Q

Submandibular ganglion supplies

A

p-symp to submand and subling glands

128
Q

Parakeratinized epithelium

A

intermediate

129
Q

Foramen cecum is embryological remnant of

A

thyroid gland

130
Q

Filiform are most

A

numerous, keratinied, cones directed posteriorly - licking ice cream cone, kind of pointy - NO TASTE BUDS

131
Q

Fungiform

A

red dots on front, a few taste buds at tip, not very keratinized

132
Q

Folliate papillae

A

lateral tongue, lost through adolescence.

133
Q

Vellate papillae

A

have large moat filled with salivary secretion (from lingual glands). lateral walls filled with taste buds.

134
Q

Without liquid to dissolve food,

A

no taste

135
Q

Hairy tongue affected

A

filiform

136
Q

How many taste buds

A

10,000, majority on circumvellate

137
Q

Apex of taste bud have

A

long microvilli that create hair process to receive chemical stimuli. Carry signal to basal cells that support populations (stem cell layer).

138
Q

parotid gland predominatey

A

serous

139
Q

submand predominately

A

serous, some mucous

140
Q

sublingual predominately

A

mucous, some serous

141
Q

Striated ducts modify

A

secretions

142
Q

Base of tonsil crypts hold

A

basal cells. Infection in this tissue can perpetuate permanently.

143
Q

Infection of differentiated layers can be

A

resolved in a few years

Anatomy 2 Unit 2 (15 decks)

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