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Anatomy 2 Unit 2 > 6 - Gross Brain Meninges, Sinuses > Flashcards

6 - Gross Brain Meninges, Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

Recall the neurocranium =

A

cranial vault

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2
Q

Folium (folia)

A

– tiny fold of brain (cerebellum

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3
Q

Sulcus (sulci)

A

shallow groove between folds

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4
Q

Fissure (fissures)

A

deep grooves between folds

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5
Q

Lateral fissure/sulcus

A

between temporal & frontal lobes

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6
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

between 2 cerebral hemispheres

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7
Q

Central sulcus

A

– between frontal & parietal lobes

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8
Q

Frontal lobe

A

1°motor & personality area

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9
Q

Parietal lobe

A

1° sensory & integration area

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10
Q

Temporal lobe

A

auditory, speech, olfactory & memory areas

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11
Q

Pons

A

CN nuclei & tracts between cerebrum & cerebellum

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12
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

BP and respiration

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13
Q

Hypothalamus

A

center for autonomic & endocrine functions

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14
Q

Pituitary gland

A

“master” gland for homeostasis

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15
Q

Pineal gland

A

center for sleep-wake cycles

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16
Q

Mammillary bodies

A

nuclei related to emotions

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17
Q

Interpeduncular fossa posterior to the

A

optic chiasm

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18
Q

Interpeduncular fossa holds

A

infundibulum

mamilary bodies

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19
Q

cerebral peduncle is medial to the

A

uncus

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20
Q

2 Main sources of blood to brain:

A

Internal Carotid arterial system
Vertebrobasilar arterial system

These anastamose at circle of willis

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21
Q

Internal Carotid Artery ascends neck to

A

base of skull

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22
Q

ICA Enters

A

carotid canal & makes 90° turn

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23
Q

ICA Ascends

A

supr. Foramen lacerum

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24
Q

ICA enters

A

Enters cavernous sinus

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25
Q

ICA supplies

A

Supplies: anterior & middle brain

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26
Q

Vertebral Artery ascends through

A

transverse foramina of C6 & above

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27
Q

VA Makes a

A

90° turn

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28
Q

VA enters

A

Enters Foramen Magnum

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29
Q

VA joins this after entering foramen magnum

A

Joins opposite vertebral a.

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30
Q

Upon joining the two VAs, the —— is formed

A

Basilar a.

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31
Q

VA supplies

A

Supplies: posterior brain

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32
Q

Internal Carotid Artery Brs.

A

Ophthalmic aa.
Anastomoses with post. communicating aa.
Terminates as middle & ant. cerbral aa.

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33
Q

Vertebrobasilar System

A

Vertebral aa. gives off ant. & post. Spinal aa.; post. inferior cerebellar aa.

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34
Q

Basilar artery gives off

Vertebrobasilar system

A

ant. Inferior cerebellar aa.; labyrinthine aa & pontine aa., then superior cerebellar aa.

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35
Q

Basilar artery splits to form

A

Splits to form posterior cerebral aa.

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36
Q

PCA branches supply

A

medial & inferior surfaces of temporal and occipital lobes
Branches also go to rostral midbrain and posterior diencephalon

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37
Q

Vertebral arteries run along

A

lateral medulla, fuse into basilar artery at pons

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38
Q

VA gives off - 1

A

Posterior spinal artery: supplies posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

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39
Q

VA gives off - 2

A

Anterior spinal artery: join together in midline, resulting single artery supplies anterior 2/3 of cord
(Note these arteries get help caudal to cervical cord)

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40
Q

PICA: supplies

A

inferior cerebellum and lateral medulla

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41
Q

Anterior Cerebral artery arches

A

posteriorly and follows corpus callosum

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42
Q

ACA supplies

A

medial parts of frontal and parietal lobes, note some branches extend over the dorsolateral surface

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43
Q

Anterior cerebral aa. – supply

A

ant./med. cerebrum

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44
Q

Middle cerebral aa. – supply

A

ant./lat. cerebrum

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45
Q

Posterior cerebral aa. – supply

A

post./infr. cerebrum

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46
Q

AICA supplies

A

supplies anterior portions of the inferior surface of cerebellum (flocculus) and caudal pons

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47
Q

SCA: supplies

A

superior cerebellum, caudal midbrain and rostral pons

48
Q

Post. Infr. cerebellar aa. – supply

A

post./infr. cerebellum

49
Q

most superior portions of the ethmoid bone,

A

that is the cribriform plate and crista galli

50
Q

In the cribriform plate are the

A

foramina of the cribriform plate which transmit the olfactory nerves or CN I

51
Q

Anterior fossa

bones

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

52
Q

Middle fossa

bones

A

Sphenoid
Parietal
Temporal – petrous portion

53
Q

Posterior fossa bones

A

Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

54
Q

Foramen cecum

A

Emissary vein from nasal cavity to superior sagittal sinus

55
Q

Anterior ethmoidal foramen

A

Anterior ethmoidal nerve, artery & vein

56
Q

Posterior ethmoidal foramen

A

Posterior ethmoidal nerve, artery & vein

57
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

CN V3 & accessorymeningeal a.

58
Q

Foramen Lacerum

A

fibrocartilage (IC passes over)

59
Q

Dura Mater

2 layers

A

periosteal layer

meningeal layer

60
Q

periosteal layer (Dura mater)

A

rough outer layer adherent to the skull : forming the endocranium or inner periosteum

61
Q

Meningeal layer (dura mater)

A

smooth inner layer covers arachnoid mater

62
Q

layers of dura separate to form

A

venous sinuses

63
Q

Anterior meningeal supply from

A

ethmoidal aa. branches

64
Q

Posterior meningeal supply from

A

ascending pharyngeal a.

65
Q

Branches from Vertebral A. around the

A

foramen magnum

66
Q

Posterior Occipital branches from

A

Occipital a.

67
Q

Middle Meningeal A. branches

A

Frontal br. (ant.)

Parietal br. (post.)

68
Q

Middle Meningeal A. tearing quickly leads to

A

epidural (extradural) hematoma (arterial bleeding between dura mater & skull)

69
Q

Middle meningeal a. Expanding hematoma can exert

A

fatal pressure on brain

Must be promptly recognized & surgically treated

70
Q

middle meningeal a. Fractures thru pterion of skull commonly produce

A

tearing of ant. branch of a. (Frontal br.) crossing area of pterion

71
Q

Falx cerebri is found between

A

cerebral hemispheres

72
Q

Falx cerebelli is found between

A

between cerebelli hemispheres

73
Q

Tentorium cerebelli found between

A

cerebrum & cerebellum

74
Q

Diaphragma sellae found

A

between brain & pituitary gland

75
Q

2 dural layers split to form

A

venous sinuses

76
Q

Sinuses receive venous drainage from

A

brain & skull (via cerebral, cerebellar, & emissary vv.)

77
Q

Blood entering sinuses flows

A

posterior & inferior

78
Q

Dural Venous Sinuses

A 
Superior & Inferior sagittal sinuses
Sigmoid sinuses
Straight sinus (sinus rectus)
Sphenoparietal sinuses
Carvernous sinuses
Superior & Inferior petrosal sinuses
79
Q

Sphenoparietal sinuses

A

connects to the caverous sinuses (from along the ridge between the anterior and middle cranial fossae)

80
Q

Superficial sinuses

A

on cerebral surface, most empty into superior sagittal sinus

81
Q

Deep sinuses

A

drain internal structures, empties into straight sinus

82
Q

Facial vv. anastomose with

A

ophthalmic vv.

83
Q

Infections (boils) of face can spread into the

A

ophthalmic vv.

84
Q

Infections can travel to

A

cavernous sinuses

May result in cavernous sinus thrombosis (clot formation)

85
Q

Cavernous Sinus contents; vasculature

A

Internal Carotid a. & CN VI pass thru sinus

86
Q

Cavernous sinus contents: nerves

A

CN III, IV, V1, & V2 are sheathed in its lateral wall

87
Q

Cavernous sinus: Injuries or infections of sinus can affect

A

ICA or CNs

88
Q

Clinical Note: ICA may rupture with

A

skull base fractures; results in arteriovenous fistula

89
Q

arteriovenous fistula produces

A

This produces abnormal reflux of blood into ophthalmic vv.

Eye engorges, protrudes & pulsates in sync with radial pulse
Referred to as pulsating exophthalmos

Pulse can be seen in eyelids

90
Q

Dura

A

contains vessels and sinuses

91
Q

Pia covers

A

vasculature and brain

92
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Rupture of cerebral v. produces subdural hematoma (venous bleeding into subdural space)

Hemorrhage may spread widely over hemisphere
Limited by falx cerebri & tentorum cerebelli
Blows which jerk the brain inside the skull cause this injury

93
Q

arachnoid mater covers

A

Covers all fissures and sulci of brain

94
Q

arachnoid matter web like processes extend

A

Web-like processes extend downward to pia mater

95
Q

Deep to the arachnoid mater is

A

subarachnoid space

96
Q

SubArachnoid Space

contains

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) & acts as shock absorber by forming a fluid cushion over gyri & sulci

Cerebral & cerebellar blood vessels also in this space

97
Q

Cerebral & cerebellar blood vessels also in this space

A

These cover and penetrate surfaces of brain

98
Q

Drainage occurs via

Projections of arachnoid & subarachnoid space into superior sagittal sinus

A

passive pressure gradient

99
Q

Some of the arachnoid granulations become so large that they actually create

A

depressions in the internal surface of the calvaria (skull), = lateral venous lacunea

100
Q

CSF absorbed in the

A

venous system at the SAG in the SSS.

101
Q

The subarachnoid space contains CSF and acts as a

A

shock absorber by forming a fluid cushion over the gyri and sulci.

102
Q

Pia Mater

A

Delicate membrane surrounding brain
Covers surface of all fissures and sulci of brain
Closely adherent to the surface of the brain
Pierced by vessels that supply the brain

103
Q

Falx cerebri in

A

longitudinal fissure

104
Q

CN 3 located between

A

SCA and PCA

105
Q

Lateral to bulb is

A

9, 10, 11

106
Q

6 found between

A

anterior cerebellar, labarynthian

107
Q

Separation of periosteal and meningeal layer of dura makes

A

sinus

108
Q

V1 supplies

A

anterior meninges

109
Q

V2 supplies rest of

A

anterior cranial fossa

110
Q

V3 supplies

A

middle cranial fossa

111
Q

V1 supplies

A

posterior cranila fossa (lateral)

112
Q

C2, C3 from XII and X supply

A

supply medial posterior cranial fossa

113
Q

Diploic veins –

A

from spongy part of skull, drain to sinus.

114
Q

SSS at top of

A

falx cerebri

115
Q

Arachnoid granulations –

A

outpocketings of arachnoid mater, venous drainage goes here (choroid plexus)

Anatomy 2 Unit 2 (15 decks)

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