Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 2 Unit 2 > 1 - Neck: Fascial layers and compartments > Flashcards

1 - Neck: Fascial layers and compartments Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial fascia

A

Immediately deep to skin
Subcutaneous tissue
Comprised of loose connective tissue & fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Deep fascia

A

Deep to superficial fascia
Dense, organized connective tissue layer
Devoid of fat
Envelops most body structures deep to skin & subcutaneous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fascia

A

band of connective tissue that surrounds structures (such as enveloping muscles), giving rise to potential tissue spaces and pathways that allow infection to spread.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In the superficial neck fascia we find the

A

thin platysma m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The deep fascia aids in

A

muscle movements, provides passageways for nn. & vessels, and provides attachment for some mm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The neck is a tube, within this tube,

A

there are 4 longitudinal compartments:
1 visceral component (anterior) – contains digestive & respiratory systems as well as some endocrine glands
1 vertebral component (posterior) – contains cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cervical nn., & mm. associated with vertebral column
2 vascular components (one on each side; lateral) – contains major vessels & vagus n. (CN X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Investing fascia (deep)

A

Surrounds trapezius & SCM mm. & infrahyoid mm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pretracheal fascia

A

Surrounds the thyroid, trachea & esophagus & post. surface of infrahyoid mm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Buccopharyngeal fascia

A

Surrounds pharynx posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alar fascia

A

Ant. layer of prevertebral fascia & runs behind buccopharyngeal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prevertebral fascia

A

Surrounds prevertebral & deep back mm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Carotid sheath

A

Column of fascia that surrounds the CCA, ICA, IJV, & Vagus n.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscular pretracheal f.

A

surrounds infrahyoid mm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Visceral pretracheal f.

A

sur. thyroid, trachea & esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prevertebral Layer:

A

in the anterolateral position extends from the anterior and middle scalene muscles to surround the brachial plexus and subclavian artery as these structures pass into the axilla. Thus it is forming the axillary sheath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prevertebral Layer:

A

in the anterolateral position extends from the anterior and middle scalene muscles to surround the brachial plexus and subclavian artery as these structures pass into the axilla. Thus it is forming the axillary sheath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Understand that in the sagittal view the

A

carotid space is not visible yet it is an important potential space associated with the neck and inferior access to the thorax.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fascial Layers

A 
Investing fascia
Pretracheal fascia
Prevertebral fascia
Alar fascia
Buccophary-ngeal fascia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Please also note that the carotid sheath also extends from the

A

base of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fascial Spaces

A

Carotid sheath
Pretracheal space
Retropharyngeal space
Prevertebral “danger” space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carotid Sheath

A

Between SCM & prevertebral mm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

carotid sheath formed by

A

condensations of deep cervical fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

carotid sheath encases

A

carotid aa., IJVs & vagus nn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Carotid sheath infections

A

Infections or blood may spread with sheaths from skull down into middle mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pretracheal Space

A

Between trachea & infrahyoid mm.

From thyroid cartilage down into anterior mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pretracheal space infection

A

Infections here can spread between these 2 regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Retropharyngeal Space

A

Between buccopharyngeal & alar fascia

From skull base down into superior mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Retropharyngeal space infection

A

can spread between these 2 regions

skull base down into superior mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Prevertebral “Danger” Space (third space)

A

Between alar & prevertebral fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Prevertebral “Danger” Space * infections

A

Infections here can spread from skull base down into posterior mediastinum

Notorious for inferior spread of infections here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Correlate - Prevertebral Emphysema

A

the cervical prevertebral space (arrows) connects to the mediastinum, which may permit gas or microorganisms from the oral cavity to enter the mediastinum.

A 47-year-old woman with diabetes was seen in the emergency room withdifficulty swallowing, bilateral chest pain, and a foreign-body sensation in her throat. Earlier that day, she had undergone a root canal under local anesthesia. Her symptoms were initially attributed to an allergic reaction to the anesthetic. Examination showed crepitus (noise or vibration) in her neck.

A radiograph of the neck showed emphysema with prevertebral air in the cervical soft tissues. The likely mechanism for the introduction of air was injection by means of a high-speed dental drill through the soft tissue adjacent to the roots of the lower molars. Surgical procedures, especially those involving the lower third molar teeth, may confer a predisposition to the development of soft-tissue emphysema and even a fatal air embolism when air-cooled dental turbines are used.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Horizontal Zones of the Neck

A

3 of them- emergency room terminology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Zone 1 (horizontal zone of neck)

A

thoracic inlet to cricoid cartilage

34
Q

Zone 2 (horizontal zone of neck)

A

cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible

35
Q

Zone 3 (horizontal zone of neck)

A

angle of mandible to base of skull

Note: useful in clinical assessment of neck trauma

36
Q

Triangles of the Neck

A

Each triangle contains key structures used as landmarks by anatomists and physicians operating in this area. The neck is a vertical conduit for structures entering or leaving the head.

37
Q

Posterior Cervical Triangle

A

SCM = anterior boundary

Trapezius m. = posterior boundary

Middle 1/3 of clavicle = inferior boundary

38
Q

Posterior Cervical Triangle contents

A 
Platysma m.
External jugular v.
Cutaneous nn.
Motor nn.
Transverse cervical & suprascapular aa.
Deep muscles
39
Q

Cutaneous Nerves

A 
Lesser occipital (C2-C3)
Great auricular (C2-C3)
Transverse cervical (C2-C3)
Supraclavicular nn. (C3-C4)
  • All emerge deep to SCM at “Erb’s point”
40
Q

Lesser Occipital Nerve (C2-C3)

A

Runs superiorly along posterior border of SCM

Crosses over portion of occipital a.

Supplies skin of scalp at apex of triangle

41
Q

Great Auricular Nerve (C2-C3)

A

Ascends vertically on surface of SCM
Runs with EJV superiorly toward ear
Supplies lobe & skin posterior to auricle
Also supplies angle of mandible to mastoid process

42
Q

Transverse Cervical Nerve (C2-C3)

A

Runs transversely across middle of SCM

Supplies skin of anterior cervical triangle & lateral neck

43
Q

Supraclavicular Nerves (C3-C4)

A

Generally 3 main branches:
Medial, intermediate & lateral (post.) nn.

Run superficial to clavicle & deep to platysma

Supply skin of clavicular region

44
Q

Motor Nerves posterior cervical triangle

A

Accessory n. (CN XI)

Phrenic n. (C3-C5)

45
Q

Accessory Nerve (CN XI) emerges from

A

jugular foramen

46
Q

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

A

Runs diagonally thru triangle deep to investing fascia

Supplies both SCM & trapezius mm.

47
Q

The trapezius m. also receives proprioceptive fibers

A

C3-C4

48
Q

Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5) descends

A

vertically along anterior scalene m.

49
Q

Phrenic nerve Crossed

A

anteriorly by transverse cervical a. & suprascapular a.

50
Q

Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5)

A

Enters thorax between subclavian v. & a.

Travels along pericardial sac to supply diaphragm

51
Q

Phrenic n. & supraclavicular nn. share similar

A

origins

Phrenic n (C3-C5) VS supraclavicular nn. (C3-C4)

Explains phenomenon of referred pain in pleurisy
Irritation of phrenic n referred from diaphragm to supraclavicular nn. in clavicular region

52
Q

pleurisy

A

Irritation of phrenic n referred from diaphragm to supraclavicular nn. in clavicular region

53
Q

Vessels of the Posterior Triangle

A

External jugular vein, Transverse cervical a, Suprascapular a

54
Q

External jugular v. (EJV

A

drains into subclavian v.

55
Q

Transverse cervical a.

A

from thyrocervical trunk

56
Q

Suprascapular a

A

from thyrocervical trunk

57
Q

After crossing the sternocleidomastoid m., the EJV

A

enters the posterior triangle and continues its vertical descent.

58
Q

In the lower part of the posterior triangle, the EJV

A

pierces the investing layer of cervical fascia and ends in the subclavian v.

59
Q

After branching from the thyrocervical trunk, the transverse cervical a.

A

passes laterally and slightly posteriorly across the base of the posterior triangle anterior to the anterior scalene muscle and the brachial plexus.

60
Q

Thesuprascapular a.passes

A

laterally, in a slightly downward direction across the lowest part of the posterior triangle, and ends up posterior to the clavicle

61
Q

Deep Muscles of the Posterior Triangle

A

Splenius capitis m.

Levator scapulae m.

3 scalene mm.

Omohyoid m. (inferior belly)

62
Q

Splenius Capitis Muscle action

A

Extend & laterally rotate head & neck

63
Q

Splenius Capitis Muscle innervation

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nn

64
Q

Levator Scapulae Muscle action

A

Elevate scapula

65
Q

Levator Scapulae Muscle innervation

A

Dorsal scapular n. (C5)

66
Q

3 Scalene Muscles

A

Anterior, posterior, inferior

All - A: Tilt neck laterally

Inn: Ventral rami C3-C8 nn.

67
Q

Interscalene Triangle

A

Elongated triangle deep to posterior cervical triangle

Anatomical variations can cause narrowing of triangle
Extra m. slips, cervical ribs or cartilage outgrowths
May compress brachial plexus or subclavian a.
Leads to n. dysfunction or ischemia or UL
May contribute to thoracic outlet syndrome
Compromise of nn. or aa. between neck base & axilla

68
Q

Interscalene triangle formed by

A

anterior scalene, middle scalene & 1st rib

69
Q

Interscalene Triangle brachial plexus and

A

subclavian a. pass thru it

70
Q

Interscalene triangle - Subclavian v. passes

A

ant. to anterior scalene m.

71
Q

Lesser occipital root

A

C2-C3

72
Q

Great auricular root

A

C2-C3

73
Q

Transverse cervical root

A

C2-C3

74
Q

Supraclavicular root

A

C3-C4

75
Q

Middle mediastinum

A

heart. Once infection gets here, it can spread rapidly around body.

76
Q

T4-T5

A

around area of superior mediastinum.

77
Q

T12

A

posterior mediastinum - goes to inferior diaphragm.

78
Q

Treatment for infections between layers is

A

pretty much the same. Antiobiotics, monitor. Otherwise this will become systemic.

79
Q

Cervical plexus

A

where cutaneous nerves come from.

80
Q

Transverse cervical artery

A

runs opposite (posteriorly) than the transverse cervical nerve. Lateral posterior, other runs lateral anterior

81
Q

Anterior and middle scalene have

A

slit between them for brachial plexus. Forms interscalene triangle.

82
Q

Excess tissue in interscalene triangle can lead to

A

pain or loss of sensation.

Anatomy 2 Unit 2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions